急性肾损伤( AKI)是临床常见的急危重症，住院患者AKI发病率、病死率逐年增高，消耗大量医疗资源。虽然我国不断加大医疗投入，基层卫生事业有了长足的发展，但AKI的防治水平城乡之间、三级医院之间差异依然较大，尤其对AKI这种急危重症认识和治疗原则掌握不够，导致AKI患者的诊断率低，住院死亡率高。本文针对基层全科医师的特点，对AKI发病机制、诊疗指南和治疗方案的新认识以及对AKI的诊断治疗过程中存在的问题进行系统归纳，期望加深广大基层医院的医护工作者对AKI的认识，提高其诊治水平，降低AKI患者的病死率。

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical acute and critical illness. The incidence of AKI and mortality in hospitalized patients increased year by year, which consumed a lot of health care resources. China continues to increase spending on health care, and primary health services have made great progress, but prevention and treatment of AKI between urban and rural areas, and among the hospitals of three grades, are still largely different, especially the recognition and treatment principle are not well mastered, resulting in a low rate of diagnosis and high hospital mortality in AKI patients. In this paper, for the characteristics of physicians in primary hospitals, a systematic summary has been made for new recognition of the pathogenesis and the guidelines for management of AKI, and for questions from the management of AKI, hoping to deepen the awareness for AKI, to improve its diagnosis and treatment, and to reduce the mortality of patients with AKI.