急性肾损伤(AKI)发病率和死亡率在世界范围内逐年增加。2012年改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)指南明确了新的AKI定义与分期。AKI的新定义给基础研究和常规临床实践带来了巨大的变化，提高了AKI诊断的灵敏度，降低了漏诊率，提高了预测危重患者死亡的能力，临床实用性更强。在此基础上，中国开展了几个大型的、多中心AKI流行病学调查，初步阐明了中国AKI流行病学现状和危险因素。在急性肾损伤的治疗方面，更加强调肾脏的保护与支持，越来越认识到早期干预、液体管理、营养支持以及肾脏替代治疗(RRT)时机的综合管理对AKI预后影响的重要性。

The morbidity and mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) have been increasing year by year in the world. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) group developed new AKI definition and stages in 2012. The latest definition of AKI has brought about great changes in basic research and routine clinical practice. AKI defined by KDIGO is associated with significantly increased sensitivity of AKI diagnosis, decreased rate of missed diagnosis, improved ability to predict the death of critically ill patients, and better clinical applicability. Several large-scale, multi-center epidemiological studies of AKI, according to KDIGO criteria have been conducted in China, which have preliminarily elucidated the epidemiology and risk factors of AKI. As for treatment, it has been increasingly realized that more emphasis should be placed on the importance of integrated management, including renal protection and support, early intervention, fluid management, nutritional support, and renal replacement therapy (RRT), for the prognosis of AKI.