急性肾脏病(AKD)是指急性肾损伤发作后，急性或亚急性损伤和(或)肾功能降低持续7～90 d。是患者发生AKI之后重要的一段转归期，这一时期的处理对于AKI的最终转归至关重要。结合近期ADQI工作组提出对AKD的定义、分期和防治策略提出的共识，本文总结了目前对AKD防治的临床实践方案。积极筛查易感因素、识别高危人群、避免使用肾毒性药物、保持足够的肾脏灌注和维持内环境稳定等均是有效的预防措施；并重点阐述了AKD的随访要求、药物调整策略、肾脏替代治疗、原发病诊治等防治手段。通过增加对AKD的认识，积极采取干预措施促进持续进展性AKI的恢复，减少CKD的发生和进展。

Acute kidney disease (AKD) describes acute or subacute renal damage and/or loss of kidney function between 7 and 90 days after AKI initiation. It is an important period of transition after AKI. The treatment of this period is essential for the eventual prognosis of AKI. Recently, ADQI working group provided consensus on the definition, stages, and treatment and prevention strategy of AKD. This article summarized the current clinical practice strategy for AKD. The effective preventive measures for AKD includes actively screening susceptible factors, identifying high-risk groups, avoiding use of nephrotoxic drugs, keeping enough renal perfusion, and maintaining the stable internal environment. The other measures for AKD were also emphasized, including follow-up requirements, drug adjustment strategy, renal replacement therapy, and treatment for primary diseases. Increasing awareness of AKD plus active intervention will promote the recovery of progressive AKI, and reduce the occurrence and progression of CKD.