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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01) : 20 -25. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2023.01.004

论著

术前及术中超声在最大径≤1.5 cm小肾肿瘤中的临床应用研究
朱嘉宁1, 赵萍2, 李楠2, 朱连华2, 李静波1, 罗渝昆2,(), 李秋洋2,()   
  1. 1. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心超声诊断科;100853 北京,解放军医学院
    2. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心超声诊断科
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-02 出版日期:2023-02-28
  • 通信作者: 罗渝昆, 李秋洋
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81971635、81801698、82001817)

Clinical application of preoperative and intraoperative ultrasonography for small renal masses with maximum diameter ≤1.5 cm

Jianing Zhu1, Ping Zhao2, Nan Li2, Lianhua Zhu2, Jingbo Li1, Yukun Luo2,(), Qiuyang Li2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasonography, First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Medical School of Chinese PLA; Beijing 100853, China
    2. Department of Ultrasonography, First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital
  • Received:2022-04-02 Published:2023-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Yukun Luo, Qiuyang Li
引用本文:

朱嘉宁, 赵萍, 李楠, 朱连华, 李静波, 罗渝昆, 李秋洋. 术前及术中超声在最大径≤1.5 cm小肾肿瘤中的临床应用研究[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2023, 12(01): 20-25.

Jianing Zhu, Ping Zhao, Nan Li, Lianhua Zhu, Jingbo Li, Yukun Luo, Qiuyang Li. Clinical application of preoperative and intraoperative ultrasonography for small renal masses with maximum diameter ≤1.5 cm[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(01): 20-25.

目的

探讨术前及术中超声在最大径≤1.5 cm的小肾肿瘤中的临床应用价值。

方法

回顾性分析我院2018年9月至2022年3月期间42例经手术切除且病理证实最大径≤1.5 cm肾肿瘤患者的超声资料。所有患者均行术前常规超声及超声造影(CEUS)检查,其中8例内生型肿瘤病例因术中无法准确定位,行术中超声检查。

结果

42例小肾肿瘤患者中8例(19.1%)为术前CEUS检出,而术前常规超声未检出(P=0.005)。术中超声则全部检出了术前漏诊病灶,清晰显示出肿瘤边界、形态及血供情况。其中7例诊断考虑为恶性肿瘤的患者行术中超声辅助肾部分切除术,术后病理证实1例为透明细胞乳头状细胞癌,5例为透明细胞癌,1例为嫌色细胞癌,病灶切缘均为肿瘤阴性,术后随访6个月未发现疾病复发或转移。

结论

对于最大径≤1.5 cm的小肾肿瘤,术前超声存在一定漏诊率,CEUS则可显著降低漏诊率,而术中超声则能全部检出内生型肿瘤。术中超声对于引导完全剔除肿瘤、保护瘤体包膜完整、充分保留残存肾单位具有重要价值。

Objective

To investigate the value of preoperative and intraoperative ultrasonography for small renal masses (SRMs) with maximum diameter ≤1.5 cm.

Methods

Forty-two patients with pathologically confirmed renal tumors of maximum diameter ≤1.5 cm were included from September 2018 to March 2022. All the patients underwent preoperative conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), among whom 8 cases with endogenic renal masses received intraoperative ultrasonography due to being unable to be located accurately during the operations.

Results

Of the 42 patients with SRMs, 8 (19.1%) were detected by preoperative CEUS, but not by preoperative conventional ultrasound (P=0.005). During the operation, all the 8 SRMs missed by conventional ultrasound were able to be detected by ultrasound, clearly showing the boundary, shape and blood supply of the SRMs. Among them, 7 patients were diagnosed as malignant tumors and underwent intraoperative ultrasound-assisted partial nephrectomy. Postoperative pathology diagnosed 1 case of clear cell papillary cell carcinoma, 5 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and 1 case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. The cutting-edge of tumors was negative for tumor cells. No recurrence or metastasis of the tumors was found in the follow-up of 6 months after operation.

Conclusion

For SRMs with maximum diameter ≤ 1.5 cm, preoperative ultrasound has a certain rate of missed diagnosis, CEUS could significantly reduce the rate of missed diagnosis, while intraoperative ultrasound could detect all the endogenous SRMs. Intraoperative ultrasound may play an important role in guiding the complete removal of tumors, protecting the integrity of tumor envelope, and adequately preserving the residual nephrons.

表1 42例≤1.5 cm小肾肿瘤术前常规超声表现
表2 不同病理类型小肾肿瘤术前超声造影表现[例(%)]
图1 患者男29岁体检发现左肾上极可疑占位性病变注:A:常规超声显示左肾上极低回声结节,边界不清,形态不规则,大小15 mm×13 mm;B:彩色多普勒血流显像示病灶周边及内部均无血流信号;C:注射造影剂后皮质期(30 s)病灶增强速度稍早于周边肾实质;D、E:髓质期(1 min 11 s)造影击碎后病灶边界更加清晰,随后轨迹成像显示造影剂微泡灌注方式;F:CEUS后即刻二维超声显示病灶回声较造影前增高,边界更清楚;手术病理证实为透明细胞癌,WHO/ISUP Ⅱ级
表3 超声造影前后超声表现
图2 患者男38岁外院增强CT发现右肾中部肾窦旁可疑占位性病变注:A:术前右肾常规超声纵切面未显示明显占位性病变;B:结合增强CT反复扫查,肾窦旁似可见一不均质低回声结节;C、D:注射造影剂后髓质期(50 s)及延迟期(1 min 41 s)病灶消退速度早于周边肾实质;E:术中超声清晰显示病灶位于肾窦内,呈不均质稍低回声,边界清楚,形态规则,周边可见血流信号;F:术中切除为内生型肿瘤,病理证实为透明细胞癌伴出、囊性变,WHO/ISUP Ⅱ级
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