To compare the influence of traditional and plan-do-check-action (PDCA) teaching methods on the learning interest of standardized trainees of nephrology.

Fifty standardized trainees of nephrology in our hospital from May 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled, who were equally divided into two groups by random number method. The 25 trainees of the control group received the traditional teaching method, while the 25 trainees of the observation group received the PDCA teaching method. The two groups were compared in practical operation, theoretical knowledge assessment, learning interest, and satisfaction of the trainees.

Compared with the control group, the observation group showed significantly better scores in practical operation and theoretical knowledge assessment, spent more time in self-study and data review, was more active in speaking and questioning during discussions, and had higher degree of satisfaction (96.0% vs 72.0%) (χ²=5.357, P<0.05).

For the standardized trainees of nephrology, the PDCA teaching method effectively improved the academic performance, stimulated the learning enthusiasm, and improve the satisfaction of them.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, and is common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The clinical diagnosis of DKD usually depends on the history of diabetes, the characteristics of urinary albumin, the presence or absence of retinopathy, and the presence or absence of active urine sediment, etc. However, more and more studies have suggested the high misdiagnosis rate of this clinical diagnosis method. This paper reviewed the progress of DKD diagnosis.

Clinical practice guidelines of kidney diseases play an important role in regulating the treatment of kidney diseases, improving homogeneity of clinical practice, and improving prognosis. There are currently more than 300 guidelines for kidney diseases, the characteristics of which include distribution by many units, repetition of some contents, many sub-specialties, many interdisciplinary subjects, rapid development of the disciplines, and much update of the guidelines. In the practice of clinical teaching, it is needed to design a multi-level progressive teaching mode for the intern doctors, standardized training residents, advanced doctors, and postgraduate students of clinical medicine, so as to help strengthen the concept of evidence-based medicine, cultivate active evidence-based consciousness, and regulate medical treatment behaviors.

With the increases of patient survival rate, aging, chronic disease and diabetic nephropathy, the depletion of vascular access is becoming more common, and the establishment and repair of vascular access are becoming more and more difficult. The establishment of vascular access, graft vascular access, and superficial arterial puncture as well as the prevention and treatment strategies of complications will become important factors affecting the level of hemodialysis. This article provided an overview of the arteriovenous grafts (AVG) access, the establishment of arteries superficialization, and perioperative management according to the Japanese 2015 guidelines for vascular access.

Diabetic nephropathy, as one of the diabetic microvascular complications, is characterized by a high prevalence rate and rapid progression, and brings a heavy burden to the patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The diagnosis and treatment by TCM is presented and promoterd in the forms of standards, guidelines, and diagnosis and treatment programs, etc. This article analyzed and summarized the contents and application of TCM syndrome differentiation for diabetic nephropathy by the three TCM guidance documents since the 21st century, in order to provide basis for standardization and normalization of TCM syndrome differentiation of diabetic nephropathy.