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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (02) : 55 -61. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2019.02.002

所属专题: 文献

论著

Fabry病患者心肾损害的临床特点及相关因素
杨曦1, 谢院生1,(), 米悦1, 李清刚1, 蔡广研1, 陈香美1   
  1. 1. 100853 北京,解放军总医院肾脏病科、解放军肾脏病研究所、肾脏疾病国家重点实验室(2011DAV00088)、国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心、肾脏疾病研究北京市重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-19 出版日期:2019-04-28
  • 通信作者: 谢院生
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0901502); 国家自然科学基金项目(81774027)

Clinical characteristics and relevant factors of cardiac and renal damage in patients with Fabry disease

Xi Yang1, Yuansheng Xie1,(), Yue Mi1, Qinggang Li1, Guangyan Cai1, Xiangmei Chen1   

  1. 1. Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing 100853, China
  • Received:2019-01-19 Published:2019-04-28
  • Corresponding author: Yuansheng Xie
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Xie Yuansheng, Email:
引用本文:

杨曦, 谢院生, 米悦, 李清刚, 蔡广研, 陈香美. Fabry病患者心肾损害的临床特点及相关因素[J]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2019, 08(02): 55-61.

Xi Yang, Yuansheng Xie, Yue Mi, Qinggang Li, Guangyan Cai, Xiangmei Chen. Clinical characteristics and relevant factors of cardiac and renal damage in patients with Fabry disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2019, 08(02): 55-61.

目的

本研究旨在探讨中国Fabry病患者心肾损害的临床特点及相关因素。

方法

收集108例Fabry病患者的临床资料,分别按照是否存在肾脏损害、是否存在心血管损害及是否存在心肾联合损害进行分组,分析各组的临床特点及相关因素。

结果

(1)与无肾脏损害组相比,合并肾脏损害的患者在神经精神、眼部、心血管、消化和呼吸系统方面均有部分症状的发生率高(P<0.05);肾脏损害的独立相关因素为听力下降、耳鸣、高血压。(2)与无心血管损害组相比,合并心血管损害的患者年龄更大、病程更长(P<0.05),注意力下降、抑郁和(或)焦虑,角膜涡状浑浊、结膜及视网膜血管迂曲、晶状体后囊浑浊、耳鸣、听力下降、恶心呕吐、慢性肾功能不全及慢性支气管炎发生率更高(P<0.05);心血管损害的相关因素为抑郁和(或)焦虑、确诊时的年龄。(3)与无心肾损害组及只有心血管或只有肾脏损害组相比,心肾联合损害组的年龄更大、病程更长(P<0.05),抑郁和(或)焦虑、耳鸣、听力下降、感音性耳聋、恶心呕吐及慢性支气管炎的发生率更高(P<0.05);心肾联合损害的独立相关因素为确诊时的年龄及耳鸣。

结论

同时或单独有心肾损害的患者很多系统症状的发生率较无心肾损害的患者高、且症状更严重。肾脏损害的相关因素为高血压、耳鸣和听力下降;心血管损害的相关因素为抑郁和(或)焦虑及确诊时的年龄。

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and the relevant factors of cardiac and renal damage in Chinese patients with Fabry disease.

Methods

The clinical data of 108 patients with Fabry disease were collected. According to whether there was kidney damage or cardiovascular damage, and whether there was joint damage of the heart and kidney, the patients were divided into groups, and the clinical characteristics and relevant factors of each group were analyzed.

Results

(1) Compared with the group without renal damage, patients with renal damage had higher incidence to suffer from neuropsychiatric symptoms, ocular symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, digestive symptoms, and respiratory symptoms (P<0.05). The independent factors associated with renal damage were hearing loss, tinnitus, and hypertension. (2) Compared with the group without cardiovascular damage, patients with cardiovascular damage had higher incidence to be older, and to suffer from longer disease duration, decreased attention, depression, anxiety, corneal turbidity, conjunctiva and retinal vascular circuity, lens capsule turbidity, tinnitus, hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, chronic renal insufficiency, and chronic bronchitis (P< 0.05). The factors associated with cardiovascular damage were depression and/or anxiety, and the age at diagnosis. (3) Compared with the cardiovascular damage group, the renal damage group, and the group without heart and kidney joint damage, the group of heart and kidney joint damage had higher incidence to be older, and to suffer from longer disease duration, depression, anxiety, tinnitus, hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, and chronic bronchitis (P< 0.05). The independent related factors of heart and kidney joint damage were age at diagnosis and tinnitus. The independent related factors of heart and kidney joint damage were age at diagnosis and tinnitus.

Conclusions

The incidence of many systemic symptoms in patients with simultaneous heart and kidney damage or separate heart or kidney damage was higher, with the symptoms being more severe than in patients with healthy heart and kidney. The relevant factors of renal damage were hypertension, tinnitus, and hearing loss, while the related factors of cardiovascular damage were depression and/or anxiety and the age at diagnosis.

表1 有无肾脏损害两组间临床特点的比较
指标 所有患者(n=108) 有肾脏损害(n=71) 无肾脏损害(n=37) P
年龄(岁) 31.85±11.43 33.00(25.00,40.00) 30.00(17.00,40.00) 0.214
初发年龄(岁) 10.00(8,13) 10.00(8.00,14.00) 10.00(8.00,13.00) 0.717
确诊年龄(岁) 28.83±11.33 29.00(24.00,35.00) 24.00(15.00,37.00) 0.178
病程(年) 19.00(8,28) 19.00(8.00,28.00) 12.00(6.50,27.50) 0.464
神经精神症状[例(%)] 108(100) 71(100) 37(100)
? 疼痛 90(83.33) 61(85.92) 29(78.38) 0.319
? 疲劳 107 (99.07) 71(100) 36(97.30) 0.343
? 头晕晕厥 55(50.93) 40(56.34) 15(40.54) 0.119
? 注意力下降 60(55.55) 42(59.15) 18(48.65) 0.297
? 抑郁和(或)焦虑 43(39.81) 33(46.48) 10(27.03) 0.050
? 脑梗死 6(5.56) 4(5.63) 2(5.41) 1.000
? 脑出血 4(3.70) 3(4.23) 1(2.70) 1.000
眼部症状[例(%)] 85(78.70) 61(85.92) 24(64.86) 0.010
? 视力下降 54(50.0) 41(73.23) 13(35.14) 0.030
? 角膜涡状浑浊 32(29.63) 23(32.39) 9(24.32) 0.380
? 晶状体后囊浑浊 24(22.22) 19(26.76) 5(13.51) 0.120
? 视网膜血管迂曲 23(21.3) 16(22.54) 7(18.92) 0.663
? 结膜血管迂曲 18(16.67) 12(16.90) 6(16.22) 0.928
皮肤异常表现[例(%)] 84(77.77) 59(83.10) 25(67.57) 0.060
? 血管角质瘤 59(54.63) 45(63.34) 14(37.84) 0.010
? 无汗或少汗 76(70.37) 53(74.65) 23(62.16) 0.180
耳部异常表现[例(%)] 79(73.15) 62(87.32) 17(45.95) <0.001
? 听力下降 52(48.15) 46(64.79) 6(16.22) <0.001
? 感音性耳聋 13(12.04) 12(16.90) 1(2.70) 0.070
? 耳鸣 54(50.00) 44(61.97) 10(27.03) 0.001
消化系统症状[例(%)] 77(71.3) 61(85.92) 26(70.27) 0.050
? 腹痛 27(25.00) 21(29.58) 6(16.22) 0.130
? 腹泻 60(55.56) 41(57.75) 19(51.35) 0.530
? 便秘 17(15.74) 12(16.90) 5(13.51) 0.650
? 恶心呕吐 33(30.56) 28(39.44) 5(13.51) 0.006
? 肠道功能紊乱 40(37.04) 32(45.07) 8(21.62) 0.020
心血管系异常表现[例(%)] 72(66.67) 53(74.65) 19(51.35) 0.020
? 心肌肥厚 38(35.19) 30(42.25) 8(21.62) 0.030
? 传导阻滞 4(3.70) 2(2.82) 2(5.41) 0.499
? 心动过速 42(38.89) 29(40.85) 13(35.14) 0.563
? 瓣膜功能不全 16(14.81) 11(15.49) 5(13.51) 0.783
? 高血压 25(23.15) 23(32.39) 2(5.41) 0.002
? 心功能衰竭 11(10.19) 10(14.08) 1(2.70) 0.128
骨骼肌肉系统症状[例(%)] 40(37.04) 29(40.85) 11(29.73) 0.260
? 骨质疏松 40(37.04) 29(40.85) 11(29.73) 0.260
呼吸系统异常表现[例(%)] 23(21.3) 21(29.58) 2(5.41) 0.004
? 慢性阻塞性肺病 5(4.63) 5(7.04) 0(0) 0.240
? 慢性支气管炎 18(16.67) 16(22.54) 2(5.41) 0.020
表2 有无心血管损害两组间临床特点的比较
指标 有心血管损害(n=72) 无心血管损害(n=36) P
年龄(岁) 35.03±11.29 25.5±5.88 <0.001
初发年龄(岁) 9.50 (8.00,11.00) 10.00(8.25,14.00) 0.058
确诊年龄(岁) 32.00(25.00,38.50) 22.00 (15.00,27.75) <0.001
病程(年) 23.50(11.00,29.75) 7.00(3.00,8.00) <0.001
神经精神症状[例(%)] 72(100) 36(100)
? 疲劳 71(98.61) 36(100) 1.000
? 疼痛 61(84.72) 29(80.56) 0.584
? 注意力下降 45(62.50) 15(41.67) 0.040
? 头晕晕厥 41(56.94) 14(38.89) 0.077
? 抑郁和(或)焦虑 37(51.34) 6(16.67) 0.001
? 脑梗死 5(6.94) 1(2.78) 0.656
? 脑出血 3(4.17) 1(2.78) 1.000
眼部症状[例(%)] 61(84.72) 24(66.67) 0.031
? 视力下降 37(51.34) 17(47.22) 0.683
? 角膜涡状浑浊 27(37.50) 5(13.89) 0.011
? 晶状体后囊浑浊 22(30.56) 2(5.56) 0.003
? 视网膜血管迂曲 20(27.78) 3(8.33) 0.020
? 结膜血管迂曲 18(25.00) 0 0.001
皮肤异常表现[例(%)] 56(77.78) 28(77.78) 1.000
? 无汗或少汗 50(69.44) 26(72.22) 0.766
? 血管角质瘤 42(58.33) 17(47.22) 0.274
耳部异常表现[例(%)] 59(81.94) 20(55.56) 0.004
? 耳鸣 42(58.33) 12(33.33) 0.014
? 听力下降 40(55.56) 12(33.33) 0.029
? 感音神经性耳聋 11(15.27) 2(5.56) 0.250
消化系统症状[例(%)] 61(84.72) 26(72.22) 0.122
? 腹泻 42(58.33) 18(50.00) 0.411
? 肠道功能紊乱 31(43.06) 9(25.00) 0.067
? 恶心呕吐 27(37.50) 6(16.67) 0.027
? 腹痛 20(27.78) 7(19.44) 0.346
? 便秘 11(15.27) 6(16.67) 0.852
泌尿系统异常表现[例(%)] 53(73.61) 18(50.00) 0.015
? 蛋白尿 44(61.11) 16(44.44) 0.100
? 慢性肾功能不全 30(41.67) 3(8.33) <0.001
? 透析 11(15.27) 2(5.56) 0.250
? 血尿 7(9.72) 2(5.56) 0.712
? 肾小管疾病 2(2.78) 0 0.801
骨骼肌肉系统症状[例(%)] 31(43.06) 9(25.00) 0.067
? 骨质疏松 31(43.06) 9(25.00) 0.067
呼吸系统异常表现[例(%)] 21(44.44) 2(11.11) 0.004
? 慢性支气管炎 16(22.22) 2(5.56) 0.028
? 慢性阻塞性肺病 5(6.94) 0 0.257
表3 有无心肾联合或单独损害临床特点的比较
指标 有心肾联合损害(n=53) 单有心或肾损害(n=37) 无心肾损害(n=18) P
年龄(岁) 34.23±8.84 32.38±13.66 23.78±10.06 0.003
确诊年龄(岁) 31.00(25.00,37.00) 28.00(17.50,37.00) 20.00(14.00,24.00) <0.001
病程(年) 23.00(11.50,29.00) 17.00(7.00,25.50) 9.00(4.50,18.00) 0.008
初发年龄(岁) 10.00(8.00,11.00) 10.00(7.00,14.50) 10.00(8.00,13.25) 0.610
神经系统[例(%)] 53(100) 37(100) 18(100)
? 疲劳 53(100) 36(97.30) 18(100) 0.509
? 疼痛 47(88.68) 28(75.68) 15(83.33) 0.265
? 注意力下降 35(66.04) 17(45.95) 8(44.44) 0.100
? 头晕晕厥 33(62.26) 15(40.54) 7(38.89) 0.700
? 抑郁和(或)焦虑 31(58.49) 8(21.62) 4(22.22) 0.001
? 脑梗死 3(5.66) 3(8.11) 0 0.290
? 脑出血 2(3.77) 2(5.41) 0 0.450
眼部[例(%)] 48(90.57) 26(70.27) 11(61.11) 0.009
? 视力下降 32(60.34) 14(37.84) 8(44.44) 0.096
? 角膜涡状浑浊 20(37.73) 10(27.03) 2(11.11) 0.104
? 晶状体后囊浑浊 18(33.96) 5(13.51) 1(5.56) 0.013
? 视网膜血管迂曲 14(26.42) 8(21.62) 1(5.56) 0.174
? 结膜血管迂曲 12(22.64) 6(16.22) 0 0.083
皮肤[例(%)] 45(84.91) 25(67.57) 14(77.78) 0.150
? 无汗或少汗 40(75.47) 23(62.16) 13(72.22) 0.440
? 血管角质瘤 35(66.04) 17(45.95) 7(38.89) 0.059
耳部[例(%)] 49(92.45) 23(62.16) 7(38.89) 0.001
? 听力下降 38(71.70) 10(27.03) 4(22.22) 0.001
? 耳鸣 35(66.04) 16(43.24) 3(16.67) 0.001
? 感音神经性耳聋 10(18.87) 3(8.11) 0 0.027
消化系统[例(%)] 47(88.68) 28(75.68) 12(66.67) 0.082
? 腹泻 33(62.26) 17(45.95) 10(55.56) 0.338
? 腹痛 18(33.96) 5(13.51) 4(22.22) 0.084
? 肠道功能紊乱 27(50.94) 9(24.32) 4(22.22) 0.012
? 便秘 10(18.87) 3(8.11) 4(22.22) 0.274
? 恶心呕吐 24(45.28) 7(18.92) 2(11.11) 0.004
骨骼肌肉系统[例(%)] 25(47.17) 10(27.03) 5(27.78) 0.102
? 骨质疏松 25(47.17) 10(27.03) 5(27.78) 0.102
呼吸系统[例(%)] 9(16.98) 4(19.81) 0 0.001
? 慢性阻塞性肺病 85(9.43) 0 0 0.083
? 慢性支气管炎 14(26.42) 4(10.81) 0 0.017
表4 肾脏损害的多因素Logistic回归分析
表5 心血管损害的多因素Logistic回归分析
表6 心肾损害的多因素Logistic回归分析
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