中药泽泻在临床疾病中应用颇广，具有抗动脉粥样硬化、治疗肾炎、利尿、抑制结石等诸多作用。体外实验表明，泽泻提取物对肾小管上皮细胞具有肾毒性作用；在动物实验中安全性较好；临床中尚未见明显肝肾毒性报道。本文基于目前泽泻的大量相关研究，分析泽泻的毒副作用及其剂量、炮制、配伍、药物产地、患者个体差异等可能影响因素，对泽泻的药效成分、临床应用与疗效以及安全性进行了阐述，以更好的指导临床安全用药，尤其是在肾脏病领域的合理有效应用。

Traditional Chinese medicine Alisma orientalis is widely used in clinical diseases, and has many functions such as anti-atherosclerosis, treatment of nephritis, diuresis, and inhibition of stones. In vitro studies have shown that Alisma orientalis extract has nephrotoxic effects on renal tubular epithelial cells. It is safe in animal experiments, and no significant liver and kidney toxicities have been reported in clinical practice. Based on a large number of related studies on Alisma orientalis, this paper analyzed the toxic side effects of Alisma orientalis and its possible doses, processing, compatibility, drug origin, individual patient differences, etc. And the pharmacodynamics, clinical application, efficacy, and safety of Alisma orientalis were also reviewed, so as to better guide clinical medications, especially in the field of nephrology.