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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01) : 32 -38. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2023.01.006

综述

急性肾损伤早期生物标志物的研究进展
任涛涛1, 乔晞1,()   
  1. 1. 030001 太原,山西医科大学第二医院肾内科、山西省肾脏病研究所、山西医科大学肾病研究所
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-23 出版日期:2023-02-28
  • 通信作者: 乔晞
  • 基金资助:
    山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2020-186); 山西省留学回国人员科技活动择优资助项目(2017-29)

Progress of research on early biomarkers of acute kidney injury

Taotao Ren1, Xi Qiao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial Institute for Kidney Disease, Kidney Disease Institute of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-06-23 Published:2023-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Xi Qiao
引用本文:

任涛涛, 乔晞. 急性肾损伤早期生物标志物的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2023, 12(01): 32-38.

Taotao Ren, Xi Qiao. Progress of research on early biomarkers of acute kidney injury[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(01): 32-38.

急性肾损伤(AKI)是危重患者常见的并发症之一,发病率和死亡率居高不下,严重影响患者预后,早期诊断及干预尤为关键。目前诊断AKI所依赖的血清肌酐和尿量指标有一定局限性,寻找有效的早期生物标志物已经成为AKI研究的当务之急。近年来不断有新的研究成果问世,本文综述了有关AKI早期诊断生物标志物的最新研究进展。

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the common complications in critically ill patients. The incidence and mortality of AKI are high, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. Early diagnosis and intervention are particularly important. At present, the indexes of serum creatinine and urine volume on which the diagnosis of AKI depends have certain limitations, and finding effective early biomarkers has become the urgent task of AKI research. In recent years, new research results have been published continually. This article reviewed the latest progress of research on early biomarkers of AKI diagnosis.

表1 急性肾损伤生物标志物
生物标志物 来源及生理作用 临床应用
NGAL 来源于亨氏袢及远端小管;与免疫应答、细胞分化凋亡、氧化应激等相关的蛋白 血或尿NGAL对危重患者(如:脓毒症或心脏大手术后)AKI预测表现良好,多用于ICU或急诊室
TIMP-2、IGFBP7 在肾小管上皮细胞中表达的细胞周期停滞蛋白 尿TIMP-2、IGFBP7对短暂性AKI诊断特异性及灵敏度较高,不受合并症影响,试剂盒Nephrocheck已在美国及欧洲上市
KIM-1 属于免疫球蛋白基因超家族,主要表达于近曲小管上皮细胞 尿KIM-1对预测肾毒性AKI表现良好,在美国用于药物开发研究中肾毒性的临床前检测
L-FABP 存在于近端小管的溶酶体中;肾损伤时促进过氧化产物排出,避免肾损伤 尿L-FABP预测缺血性和肾毒性AKI表现良好,在日本已被作为AKI早期诊断的标志物
IL-18 抗原呈递细胞产生的促炎症细胞因子;肾损伤时,上调NF-κB通路,诱导其他炎症介质释放,促进炎症细胞浸润,引发肾损伤 尿IL-18对AKI预测能力一般,但抗IL-18治疗是未来重要的AKI治疗方案
miRNA 基因表达转录后的调节者,诱导mRNA降解或阻止mRNA翻译成蛋白质;对AKI有重要的调控作用 血或尿miRNA均为AKI早期诊断标志物,靶向miRNA药物治疗是精准医疗重要发展方向
Klotho 来源于远端小管及近曲小管等;有抗氧化应激、抗衰老、抗凋亡以及上调自噬等多种生物学作用 血或尿Klotho均为AKI的诊断标志物,Klotho蛋白可加速肾脏恢复,减少肾纤维化,延缓AKI进展为CKD
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