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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (06) : 301 -307. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2023.06.001

论著

维持性血液透析患者的住院情况及其影响因素分析
兰洁, 薛福平, 任娇娇, 廖智菲, 焦原野, 李静(), 王利华   
  1. 030001 太原,山西医科大学第二医院肾内科
    030006 太原,武警山西总队医院内一科
    030001 太原,山西医科大学第二医院肾内科;030001 太原,山西省卫健委医疗质量控制管理中心血液净化质量控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-20 出版日期:2023-12-28
  • 通信作者: 李静

Analysis of hospitalization and its influencing factors in the maintenance hemodialysis patients

Jie Lan, Fuping Xue, Jiaojiao Ren, Zhifei Liao, Yuanye Jiao, Jing Li(), Lihua Wang   

  1. Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001
    First Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People′s Armed Police Force, Taiyuan 030006
    Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001; Blood Purification Quality Control Center, Medical Quality Control Management Center of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, Taiyuan 030001; Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-20 Published:2023-12-28
  • Corresponding author: Jing Li
引用本文:

兰洁, 薛福平, 任娇娇, 廖智菲, 焦原野, 李静, 王利华. 维持性血液透析患者的住院情况及其影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2023, 12(06): 301-307.

Jie Lan, Fuping Xue, Jiaojiao Ren, Zhifei Liao, Yuanye Jiao, Jing Li, Lihua Wang. Analysis of hospitalization and its influencing factors in the maintenance hemodialysis patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 301-307.

目的

分析维持性血液透析患者的住院情况及其影响因素。

方法

以2021年1月1日至2021年12月31日在山西医科大学第二医院肾内科血液净化中心治疗的维持性血液透析患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其一般资料、透析相关资料、实验室资料及住院事件等。利用单因素分析及二元Logistic回归方法分析相关数据,筛选患者住院的影响因素。

结果

本研究纳入研究对象非住院组91例次,心血管疾病住院组26例次、感染疾病住院组21例次、动静脉内瘘狭窄或闭塞住院组12例次。二元Logistic回归分析显示年龄增长(OR=5.359,95%CI: 3.287~12.431,P<0.001)、血红蛋白降低(OR=2.797,95%CI:1.418~5.518,P=0.003)、血磷增高(OR=1.043,95%CI:1.006~1.082,P=0.021)与因心血管疾病住院显著相关;年龄增长(OR=5.354,95%CI:2.833~37.842,P<0.001)及血清白蛋白降低(OR=8.043,95%CI:1.069~60.503,P=0.043)与因感染疾病住院显著相关;血清白蛋白降低(OR=7.411,95%CI:1.906~28.809,P=0.004)与因动静脉内瘘狭窄或闭塞住院显著相关。

结论

维持性血液透析患者住院的主要病因为心血管疾病、感染和动静脉内瘘狭窄或闭塞。血红蛋白降低、血磷增高和年龄增长与MHD患者因心血管疾病住院显著相关,而血清白蛋白降低与MHD患者因感染和因动静脉内瘘狭窄或闭塞住院显著相关。

Objective

To analyze the hospitalization status and its influencing factors in the maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the MHD patients treated at the Blood Purification Center of the Department of Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, including the general information, dialysis-related data, laboratory data, and hospitalization events. The univariate analysis and binary logistic regression methods were applied to investigate the relevant data and screen the influencing factors on hospitalization of patients.

Results

In this study, 91 patients were included in the non-hospitalization group, 26 inpatients in the cardiovascular disease group, 21 inpatients in the infections group, and 12 inpatients in the arteriovenous fistula stenosis or occlusion group. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age (OR=5.359, 95%CI: 3.287-12.431, P<0.001), lower hemoglobin levels (OR=2.797, 95%CI: 1.418-5.518, P=0.003), and higher phosphorus levels (OR=1.043, 95%CI: 1.006-1.082, P=0.021) were associated with the hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease. Increasing age (OR=5.354, 95%CI: 2.833-37.842, P<0.001) and lower albumin level (OR=8.043, 95%CI: 1.069-60.503, P=0.043) were associated with the hospitalization due to infection. The lower albumin level (OR=7.411, 95%CI: 1.906-28.809, P=0.004) was associated with the hospitalization due to arteriovenous fistula stenosis or occlusion.

Conclusion

The main causes of hospitalization of the MHD patients were cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, and arteriovenous fistula stenosis or occlusion. Lower hemoglobin level, higher phosphorus level, and increasing age were associated with the MHD patients′ hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease, while lower albumin level was associated with the MHD patients′ hospitalization due to infection or arteriovenous fistula stenosis or occlusion.

表1 维持性血液透析患者住院主要病因
表2 不同病因住院组与非住院组一般情况比较
表3 不同病因住院组与非住院组原发病比较[例次(%)]
表4 不同病因住院组与非住院组透析相关指标比较
表5 不同病因住院组与非住院组血清学指标比较
血清学指标 总计(n=150) 未住院组(n=91) 因心血管疾病住院组(n=26) t/Z P
血红蛋白(g/L)a 108.54±14.34 113.20±21.06 92.92±23.24 4.278 <0.001
血清白蛋白(g/L)b 37.12(35.24,42.56) 40.70(38.20,42.70) 37.60(32.60,41.20) -3.278 0.001
甲状旁腺激素(pg/mL)b 237.34(125.45,263.45) 281.50(191.18,472.63) 172.40(125.68,252.45) -2.777 0.005
血钙(mmol/L)b 2.14(1.98,2.32) 2.23(2.13,2.36) 2.18(1.99,2.34) -1.213 0.225
血磷(mmol/L)b 1.83(1.43,2.11) 1.72(1.43,2.31) 1.95(1.20,1.70) -3.331 0.001
血钾(mmol/L)b 4.85(4.47,5.35) 5.02(4.57,5.56) 4.57(4.01,5.28) -2.006 0.045
血尿素氮(mmol/L)b 22.56(18.45,29.34) 21.40(17.40,25.60) 19.60(14.08,29.40) -0.521 0.602
血清肌酐(μmol/L)b 678(492,748) 763(623,927) 664(469,848) -1.888 0.059
总甘油三酯(mmol/L)b 1.57(1.25,2.04) 1.54(1.14,2.19) 0.96(0.74,1.53) -2.649 0.008
总胆固醇a(mmol/L) 4.03±1.03 4.19±1.25 4.61±1.01 2.804 0.006
血清学指标 因感染住院组(n=21) t/Z P 因动静脉内瘘狭窄或闭塞住院组(n=12) t/Z P
血红蛋白(g/L)a 98.82±15.02 3.066 0.003 107.17±22.33 0.961 0.339
血清白蛋白(g/L)b 36.15(32.85,40.73) -3.481 <0.001 35.40(31.15,39.75) -3.382 0.001
甲状旁腺激素(pg/mL)b 259.70(141.94,374.73) -0.791 0.429 157.17(99.65,213.40) -2.898 0.004
血钙(mmol/L)b 2.07(1.86,2.25) -2.803 0.005 2.09(1.96,2.19) -2.288 0.022
血磷(mmol/L)b 1.65(1.33,2.19) -1.008 0.313 1.84(1.13,2.19) -0.864 0.388
血钾(mmol/L)b 4.64±1.00 2.290 0.024 4.64±0.64 1.901 0.060
血尿素氮(mmol/L)b 23.20(16.00,32.75) -0.990 0.322 22.75(13.18,26.20) -0.154 0.877
血清肌酐(μmol/L)b 776(583,931) -0.511 0.609 613(516,772) -1.732 0.083
总甘油三酯(mmol/L)b 1.59(1.23,2.15) -0.025 0.980 1.59(0.81,2.65) -0.103 0.918
总胆固醇a(mmol/L) 3.81±1.14 1.313 0.192 3.40±1.53 2.007 0.047
表6 维持性血液透析患者不同病因住院的影响因素Logistic回归分析
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