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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (05) : 254 -263. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2025.05.003

论著

子痫前期患者肾脏远期预后影响因素分析
孙瑜, 张爱华()   
  1. 100053 首都医科大学宣武医院肾内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14 出版日期:2025-10-28
  • 通信作者: 张爱华
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81170706,82370722)

Analysis of factors influencing long-term renal prognosis in patients with preeclampsia

Yu Sun, Aihua Zhang()   

  1. Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2024-11-14 Published:2025-10-28
  • Corresponding author: Aihua Zhang
引用本文:

孙瑜, 张爱华. 子痫前期患者肾脏远期预后影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2025, 14(05): 254-263.

Yu Sun, Aihua Zhang. Analysis of factors influencing long-term renal prognosis in patients with preeclampsia[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(05): 254-263.

目的

分析子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE)患者肾脏远期预后的影响因素。

方法

回顾性队列分析2009年1月至2021年2月在首都医科大学宣武医院产科普通病房住院分娩时诊断为PE的患者(排除了基线合并慢性肾脏病患者),随访截止至2021年11月。收集患者人口学资料、一般资料和实验室检查指标。根据随访结束时患者血压情况将其分为遗留高血压组和血压正常组;根据随访结束时患者尿蛋白情况将其分为遗留蛋白尿组和尿蛋白阴性组。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Cox回归模型分析影响PE患者远期遗留高血压和远期遗留蛋白尿的影响因素。

结果

共有604例PE患者完成随访,其中非重度PE患者251例,重度PE患者353例,中位随访时间8.19年。65例(10.8%)患者随访结束时有遗留高血压,29例(4.8%)患者有遗留蛋白尿。与血压正常组相比,遗留高血压组的发病孕周较短,而随访结束时的年龄、基线收缩压和血红蛋白水平则较高(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示体质量指数≥30 kg/m2(HR=2.57,95%CI:1.36~4.85,P=0.004)、基线收缩压≥160 mmHg(HR=2.80,95%CI:1.55~5.07,P=0.001)、基线血红蛋白≥120 g/L(HR=2.07,95%CI: 1.17~3.67,P=0.012)和基线血清白蛋白<30 g/L(HR=2.23,95%CI:1.18~4.21,P=0.013)为PE患者遗留高血压的独立影响因素。随访结束时遗留蛋白尿组的体质量指数和基线收缩压水平高于尿蛋白阴性组。多因素Cox回归模型分析显示,基线收缩压≥160 mmHg(HR=2.70,95%CI:1.14~6.38,P=0.024)为遗留蛋白尿的独立影响因素。

结论

10.8%的PE患者有遗留高血压,4.8%的患者有遗留蛋白尿;分娩前肥胖、较高的血红蛋白、低蛋白血症与患者遗留高血压独立相关;较高的收缩压为PE患者遗留高血压和遗留蛋白尿的独立影响因素。

Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of long-term renal prognosis in patients with preeclampsia PE.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with PE who were admitted to the general obstetrics ward of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2009 to February 2021 (excluding those with baseline comorbidity as chronic kidney disease). The follow-up was completed until November 2021. The patients′ data were collected including demographic information, general information, and laboratory examination indicators. Based on their blood pressure at the end of follow-up, the patients were divided into a residual hypertension group and a normotensive group. And based on their urinary protein status at the end of follow-up, the patients were divided into a residual proteinuria group and a negative urinary protein group. The Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression model were employed to analyze the influencing factors of long-term residual hypertension and long-term residual proteinuria in the patients with PE.

Results

A total of 604 patients with PE completed the follow-up, including 251 patients with non-severe PE and 353 patients with severe PE. The median follow-up duration was 8.19 years. At the end of follow-up, 65 patients (10.8%) had residual hypertension, and 29 patients (4.8%) had residual proteinuria. Compared with the normotensive group, the residual hypertension group had a significantly shorter gestational age at the onset of PE, but significantly higher age, baseline systolic blood pressure, and hemoglobin at the end of follow-up (P<0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (HR=2.57, 95%CI: 1.36-4.85, P=0.004), baseline systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg (HR=2.80, 95%CI: 1.55-5.07, P=0.001), baseline hemoglobin ≥120 g/L (HR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.17-3.67, P=0.012), and baseline serum albumin <30 g/L (HR=2.23, 95%CI: 1.18-4.21, P=0.013) were independent influencing factors of the long-term residual hypertension in the patients with PE. At the end of follow-up, the body mass index and baseline systolic blood pressure of the residual proteinuria group were significantly higher than those of the negative urinary protein group. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the baseline systolic blood pressure≥160 mmHg(HR=2.70, 95%CI: 1.14-6.38, P=0.024)was an independent influencing factor for the residual proteinuria.

Conclusion

Residual hypertension occurred in 10.8% of the PE patients, and residual proteinuria in 4.8% of the PE patients. Obesity before childbirth, higher hemoglobin, and hypoproteinemia were independently associated with the residual hypertension of the patients. Higher systolic blood pressure was an independent influencing factor for both residual hypertension and residual proteinuria in the patients with PE.

图1 研究对象筛选流程图
表1 子痫前期患者分娩前基线资料分析
表2 子痫前期患者产后长期随访结束遗留高血压及蛋白尿情况[例(%)]
表3 随访结束时遗留高血压与血压正常患者产前资料比较(604例)
表4 随访结束时遗留蛋白与尿蛋白阴性患者产前资料比较
图2 不同体质量指数对子痫前期患者遗留高血压的累积生存率影响(Kaplan-Meier曲线)注:BMI:体质量指数
图3 不同基线收缩压对子痫前期患者遗留高血压的累积生存率影响(Kaplan-Meier曲线)注:1 mmHg=0.133 kPa
图4 不同基线血红蛋白对子痫前期患者遗留高血压的累积生存率影响(Kaplan-Meier曲线)
图5 不同基线血清白蛋白对子痫前期患者遗留高血压的累积生存率影响(Kaplan-Meier曲线)
图6 不同体质量指数对子痫前期患者遗留蛋白尿的累积生存率影响(Kaplan-Meier曲线)注:BMI:体质量指数
图7 不同基线收缩压对子痫前期患者遗留蛋白尿的累积生存率影响(Kaplan-Meier曲线)注:1 mmHg=0.133 kPa
表5 子痫前期患者远期遗留高血压的产前影响因素分析(Cox分析)
表6 子痫前期患者远期遗留蛋白尿的产前影响因素分析(Cox分析)
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