The organic fusion of "sandwich" teaching concept and the problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method was applied to the clinical teaching for standardized training of blood purification specialists, so as to give full play to the advantages of diversified teaching methods and stimulate the subjective initiative of students′ learning, cultivate the ability to ask questions, analyze problems, and solve problems in clinical work. The specific method was to use the PBL teaching method based on the "sandwich" teaching concept in the standardized training of blood purification specialists, collect data through questionnaires, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching method. In the theoretical and practical assessment of blood purification knowledge and related operation after the training, all the students passed with excellent scores. Questionnaire results showed that the teaching method was beneficial to the cultivation of clinical thinking and the improvement of clinical comprehensive quality. To conclude, the PBL teaching method based on the "sandwich" teaching concept was conducive to the cultivation of resident doctors′ clinical thinking and the improvement of scientific research ability. It not only cultivated the practical ability of students to ask questions, analyze problems, and solve problems, but also facilitated the improvement of students′ comprehensive quality.