Tumor-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common serious complication of cancer patients, affecting the survival rate of patients and leading to increased mortality. Tumor-associated AKI is mainly found in multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, renal cancer, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with chemotherapy and biotargeted therapy also being important causes. The risk factors include age over 65 years, previous chronic kidney disease, complicated diseases, hypovolemia, sepsis, contrast nephropathy, use of nephrotoxic drugs, large tumor burden or extensive metastases, extensive surgery, low cardiac output, and urinary tract obstruction, and so on. In addition to tumor-induced pre-renal factors, tubulointerstitial damage, and urinary tract obstruction, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and anti-cancer therapy are also involved in the pathogenesis of AKI. Taking prevention as the main method, interfering with the above risk factors, selecting rational chemotherapy drugs and dosages, and timely diagnosis and correct treatment of AKI are particularly important. New measures such as high-cutoff hemodialysis (HCO-HD) can improve the prognosis of tumor-associated AKI in multiple myeloma.