To retrospectively analyze the factors related to the outcome of anti-tuberculosis treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

From January 2017 to June 2021, 84 patients with CKD complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to our hospital with complete data were included. The general conditions, medical history characteristics, laboratory indicators, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, incidence of adverse drug reactions, and factors related to the outcome of anti-tuberculosis treatment were analyzed.

Among the 84 patients, 76.54% were male, and the median age was 53.5 (41.25, 63.00) years. There were no statistical differences between the treatment-effective group and the treatment-ineffective group in the following aspects, including gender, age, stage of CKD, treatment history, smoking history, diabetes history, hypertension history, interferon-gamma release assay, tuberculosis antibody, albumin, renal function, urine specific gravity, urine protein, and urine red blood cells, etc. The hemoglobin, counts of total lymphocytes and CD8⁺ T cells in the treatment-ineffective group were lower than those in the treatment-effective group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the lymphocyte count was associated with the treatment outcome (P<0.05).

The treatment-ineffective group showed severe anemia, lower counts of CD8⁺ T cells and total lymphocytes. The lower count of total lymphocytes was associated with the poorer treatment outcome.