To explore the correlation of serum prealbumin and albumin-globulin ratio with renal function and prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease.

Patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease treated in our hospital from November 1, 2022 to October 31, 2024 were prospectively enrolled. All subjects were followed up for 1 year and divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to follow-up outcomes. Serum prealbumin, albumin-to-globulin ratio and renal function parameters were compared. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman software, multivariate Cox regression model was adopted to analyze prognostic influencing factors, and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate its predictive efficiency.

A total of 287 patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease were enrolled, including 208 cases in the good prognosis group and 79 cases in the poor prognosis group. The serum albumin-to-globulin ratio was negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (P<0.05). Serum prealbumin was negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, while positively correlated with eGFR (P<0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group showed lower levels of serum albumin, albumin-to-globulin ratio, serum prealbumin, and eGFR, but higher levels of serum globulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary albumin, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (all P<0.05). Serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (HR=0.674), serum prealbumin (HR=0.982), blood urea nitrogen (HR=1.915), and eGFR (HR=0.948) were independent influencing factors for poor prognosis (P<0.05). The area under the curve for poor prognosis in single-item tests of serum albumin-to-globulin ratio, serum prealbumin, blood urea nitrogen, and eGFR was 0.799, 0.722, 0.887, and 0.632, respectively.

The serum prealbumin and albumin-to-globulin ratio in the patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease were correlated with the renal function and prognosis, possessing certain predictive value.