通过有机融合"三明治"教学理念与基于问题的学习(PBL)教学法，将其应用于血液净化专科规范化培训生(规培生)的临床带教之中，从而充分发挥多元化教学的优势，激发规培生学习的主观能动性，培养临床工作中提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。具体方法为，在血液净化专科规范化培训中采用基于"三明治"教学理念的PBL教学法，通过问卷调查形式采集数据，总结该教学方法的优势与不足。在培训结束后针对血液净化专科知识及相关操作要点进行理论及实践考核中，全部学员均为优秀。问卷调查结果显示，该教学法有利于临床良好的思维方式的养成及临床综合素质的提高。实践证明，基于"三明治"教学理念的PBL教学法有利于规培住院医师临床思维的养成及科研能力的提高，不仅培养了规培学生提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的实践能力，而且有利于学生综合素质的提高。

The organic fusion of "sandwich" teaching concept and the problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method was applied to the clinical teaching for standardized training of blood purification specialists, so as to give full play to the advantages of diversified teaching methods and stimulate the subjective initiative of students′ learning, cultivate the ability to ask questions, analyze problems, and solve problems in clinical work. The specific method was to use the PBL teaching method based on the "sandwich" teaching concept in the standardized training of blood purification specialists, collect data through questionnaires, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching method. In the theoretical and practical assessment of blood purification knowledge and related operation after the training, all the students passed with excellent scores. Questionnaire results showed that the teaching method was beneficial to the cultivation of clinical thinking and the improvement of clinical comprehensive quality. To conclude, the PBL teaching method based on the "sandwich" teaching concept was conducive to the cultivation of resident doctors′ clinical thinking and the improvement of scientific research ability. It not only cultivated the practical ability of students to ask questions, analyze problems, and solve problems, but also facilitated the improvement of students′ comprehensive quality.