Reflux nephropathy (RN) is a kind of clinical syndrome characterized by kidney scarring, atrophy, and renal dysfunction due to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and intrarenal reflux (IRR) with recurrent urinary tract infections. RN is one of the important causes of end-stage renal diseases (ESRD), and its basic pathological feature is renal scarring, with common clinical manifestations of continuous or recurrent urinary tract infections, proteinuria, hypertension, nocturia, polyuria, lower back pain, urinary calculi, and so on. The treatment consists of conservative therapy, surgical therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy. In western medicine conservative therapy, mainly anti-infection and comprehensive symptomatic treatment are performed in order to prevent or delay renal parenchyma damage and kidney dysfunction, while surgical treatment includes traditional anti-reflux surgery and endoscopic injection therapy. RN in TCM refers to disease categories of "gonorrhea" , "frequent urination" , "osphyalgia" , "nocturnal enuresis" , and "uroschesis" , with a basic pathogenesis comprised of deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, mixture of deficiency and excess, and early domination of excess in superficiality while later domination of deficiency in origin, which demands treatment with syndrome differentiation.