To perform epidemiological investigation on anemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in Shanxi Province in 2020 and analyze related factors.

Data of PD patients in Shanxi Province in 2020, registered in the Chinese National Renal Data System (CNRDS), were collected including basic information, dialysis status, drug use, and laboratory indicators. Hemoglobin (Hb)≥110 g/L was regarded as Hb level success.

In 2020, the average Hb level of PD patients in Shanxi Province was (104.9±8.3) g/L, and the overall rate of Hb level success was 40.2%. The usage rate of erythropoietic stimulating agents (ESAs) was 97.1%. The usage rate of oral iron was 98.3%, while the usage rate of intravenous iron was 1.7%. The Hb level success rate was higher in the male than in the female patients. The Hb level success rate increased with age. Compared with the patients with Hb level success, those patients without Hb level success showed higher levels in the proportion of females, age of dialysis, weekly dose of ESAs, daily dialysate dose of patients with continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD), serum creatinine, and serum phosphorus, but lower levels in the average age, occupational stability, serum calcium, and serum albumin (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age<45 years old, parathyroid hormone >500 ng/L, and serum albumin <35 g/L were risk factors for the Hb level without success.

In Shanxi Province in 2020, 40.2% PD patients had an Hb level of no less than 110 g/L. The risk factors for the Hb level to be less than 110 g/L included the age <45 years old, parathyroid hormone >500 ng/L, and serum albumin <35 g/L. Strengthening health education and chronic disease management for the young PD patients, well regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism, and enhancing nutrition may be helpful to improve the anemia situation in the PD patients in Shanxi Province.