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Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02): 77-82. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2025.02.003

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Relationship between serum β2-microglobulin and all-cause death in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Panpan Hu1, Weina Yang1, Zhuojia Xu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Nephrology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, China
  • Received:2024-07-15 Online:2025-04-28 Published:2025-05-12
  • Contact: Zhuojia Xu

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the relationship between serum β2-microglobulin and all-cause death in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted in the MHD patients (dialysis vintage ≥3 months) admitted to the Hemodialysis Center of Beijing Civil Aviation General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. The patients were divided into a low β2-MG group (β2-MG < 28.0 mg/L) and a high β2-MG group (β2-MG ≥ 28.0 mg/L). Their general information, biochemical indicators, and prognosis data were collected. The differences in indicator levels and mortality rates between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model for the relationship analysis between β2-MG and allcause mortality in the MHD patients. Logistic regression method was applied to analyze the risk factors for the high level of β2-MG.

Results

A total of 370 patients were included, with an age of 65.24±13.22 years, a median dialysis vintage of 73.0 (35.0, 129.3) months, a median follow-up time of 51.5(30.0, 69.0) months, and β2-MG level of 28.0 ± 5.45 mg/L. There were 175 patients in the low β2-MG group and 195 patients in the high β2-MG group. Compared with the high β2-MG group, the low β2-MG group had lower levels of dialysis vintage, β2-MG, CRP, iPTH levels, and serum uric acid (all P<0.05),but higher levels of serum albumin, serum phosphorus, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, as well as a higher proportion of patients complicated with diabetes (all P<0.05). The mortality rate in the low β2-MG group was lower than that in the high β2-MG group (χ2=5.694, P=0.017). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the survival rate in the low β2-MG group was significantly higher than that in the high β2-MG group (χ2=25.292, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that β2-MG (HR=1.056, 95%CI: 1.016-1.097, P=0.048), age (HR=1.026,95%CI: 1.009-1.043, P=0.002), concomitant diabetes (HR=1.680, 95%CI: 1.149-2.457, P=0.007), and CRP (HR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.002-1.029, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for allcause mortality in the MHD patients. The risk of death was higher in the high β2-MG group (HR=1.142,95%CI: 1.014-1.431, P=0.030).

Conclusion

β2-MG was an independent risk factor for the all-cause death in the MHD patients. High β2-MG was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death in the MHD patients.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, β2-microglobulin, All-cause death

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