中药的升降浮沉是指药物在人体内的作用趋向，是中药药性理论的核心内容之一，中药升降浮沉理论的产生与脏腑气机的升降出入有密切关系，药物的升降浮沉作用可受四气五味、质地轻重、炮制方法、配伍应用、药用部分等多种因素的影响。本文从中药升降浮沉理论的源流沿革、影响因素、临床应用三个方面对中药的升降浮沉理论进行讨论。中药的升降浮沉是历代医家对药物的四气五味以及结合脏腑的生理病理特点而提出的指导临床用药法则，必须将气、味、升降浮沉、归经等药性理论结合起来认识药物的作用，才能比较全面确切的了解中药药性，更好的指导临床用药。

The ascending-descending and floating-sinking of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the action tendency of the medicine in the human body, and is one of the core contents of the drugs properties theory of TCM. The emergence of the ascending-descending and floating-sinking theory of TCM is closely related to the ascending and descending of the zang-fu organs Qi movement. The ascending-descending and floating-sinking effects of drugs can be affected by various factors including four properties and five flavors, texture and weight, processing methods, compatibility application, and medicinal parts. This paper discussed the ascending-descending and floating-sinking theory of TCM from three aspects: the evolution the theory, the influencing factors, and the clinical application. The ascending-descending and floating-sinking theory of TCM is the guiding principles of clinical medication, which were proposed by physicians over the ages according to the four properties and five flavors of drugs and the physiopathological characteristics of the zang-fu organs. It is necessary to combine the theories of Qi, flavors, ascending-descending and floating-sinking, and channel tropism for understanding roles of drugs, in order to comprehensively and accurately understand the medicinal properties of TCM, and better guide the clinical medication.