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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02) : 68 -76. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2025.02.002

论著

他汀类药物对甘油三酯葡萄糖指数增高的脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者预后的影响
李菲1, 郭晓夏1, 郑悦1, 郑爔1, 李鑫成1, 李文雄1,()   
  1. 1. 100020 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14 出版日期:2025-04-28
  • 通信作者: 李文雄

Impact of statins on the prognosis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury patients with elevated triglyceride-glucose index

Fei Li1, Xiaoxia Guo1, Yue Zheng1, Xi Zheng1, Xincheng Li1, Wenxiong Li1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2025-02-14 Published:2025-04-28
  • Corresponding author: Wenxiong Li
引用本文:

李菲, 郭晓夏, 郑悦, 郑爔, 李鑫成, 李文雄. 他汀类药物对甘油三酯葡萄糖指数增高的脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2025, 14(02): 68-76.

Fei Li, Xiaoxia Guo, Yue Zheng, Xi Zheng, Xincheng Li, Wenxiong Li. Impact of statins on the prognosis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury patients with elevated triglyceride-glucose index[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(02): 68-76.

目的

评估他汀类药物对甘油三酯葡萄糖指数增高的脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者预后的影响。

方法

本研究为一项回顾性队列研究,纳入甘油三酯葡萄糖指数增高的脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者,根据是否使用他汀类药物将其分为使用他汀药物组(他汀组)和未使用他汀药物组(非他汀组),主要结局为28 d全因死亡率。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线进行生存分析,Log-rank方法比较生存率;单因素和多因素Cox回归模型确定死亡终点的危险因素,亚组分析探讨使用他汀类药物与28 d死亡率的关系。

结果

共纳入835例患者,其中他汀组366例、非他汀组469例。与非他汀组相比,他汀组患者住院死亡率、28 d死亡率和90 d死亡率均较低(P均<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,两组间生存率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归模型分析显示,使用他汀类药物是28 d死亡率的独立保护因素(HR=0.59,95%CI:0.43~0.81,P=0.001)。亚组分析显示,使用他汀类药物与28 d死亡率风险降低相关,且这一结果在年龄、性别、序贯器官衰竭评分、急性肾损伤分级、乳酸、体质量指数≥28、合并糖尿病、机械通气和连续肾脏替代治疗等亚组中保持一致。

结论

使用他汀类药物显著降低甘油三酯葡萄糖指数增高的脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者住院死亡率,并改善其短期生存率。

Objective

To evaluate the impact of statins on the prognosis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) patients with elevated triglyceride-glucose index.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort study that included SA-AKI patients with elevated triglyceride-glucose index. Patients were divided into a statin group (with use of statins) and a non-statin group (no use of statins) based on whether they received statins. The primary outcome was the 28-day all-cause mortality rate. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier curve, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival rates. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify risk factors for the death endpoint, and subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between statin use and 28-day mortality rate.

Results

A total of 835 patients were included, with 366 patients in the statin group and 469 in the non-statin group. Compared with the non-statin group, the statin group showed lower levels in inhospital mortality rate, 28-day mortality rate, and 90-day mortality rate (all P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the difference in survival rates between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the use of statins was an independent protective factor for 28-day mortality rate (HR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.43-0.81, P=0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the use of statins was associated with a reduced risk of 28-day mortality, which was consistent across subgroups stratified by age, gender, sequential organ failure assessment score, acute kidney injury stage,lactate levels, body mass index≥28, complication of diabetes mellitus, mechanical ventilation, and continuous renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion

The use of statins significantly reduced in-hospital mortality rate and improved short-term survival rate in the SA-AKI patients with elevated triglyceride-glucose index.

图1 患者纳入流程图 注:TyG: 甘油三酯葡萄糖;SA-AKI: 脓毒症相关急性肾损伤
图2 两组脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者的死亡率比较 注:A:28 d死亡率Kaplan-Meier曲线(P=0.0063);B:90 d死亡率Kaplan-Meier曲线(P=0.025)
续表1
变量 总量(835 例) 非他汀组(469 例) 他汀组(366 例) 统计量 P
人口学特征
年龄(岁) 64(52,74) 59. 00(46,69) 68(60,78) Z=-9. 16 <0. 001
性别[例(%)] χ 2=0. 21 0. 644
女性 353(42. 28) 195(41. 58) 158(43. 17)
男性 482(57. 72) 274(58. 42) 208(56. 83)
身高(m)  1. 70(1. 63,1. 78) 1. 70(1. 63,1. 78)  1. 70(1. 63,1. 78) Z=-0. 16 0. 872
体重(kg) 88. 80(71. 15,106) 89. 00(72,107. 40) 86. 95(70. 48,103. 00) Z=-0. 98 0. 327
BMI(kg/ m2 30. 17(25. 81,35. 81) 30. 41(25. 72,36. 31) 30. 06(26. 04,35. 26) Z=-0. 84 0. 400
种族[例(%)] χ 2=5. 62 0. 060
白人 523(62. 63) 294(62. 69) 229(62. 57)
黑人 63(7. 54) 27(5. 76) 36(9. 84)
其他 249(29. 82) 148(31. 56) 101(27. 60)
生命体征
心率(次/ 分) 89. 09±17. 59 93. 05±17. 82 84. 01±15. 95 t=7. 71 <0. 001
收缩压(mmHg) 117(107,132) 116. 00(106,130) 120(109,134) Z=-3. 50 <0. 001
舒张压(mmHg) 63(56,71) 63(56,71) 63(56,71) Z=-0. 03 0. 975
平均动脉压(mmHg) 78(72,86) 78(71,86) 79(73,87) Z=-1. 73 0. 084
呼吸频率(次/ 分) 21(18,24) 21(18,24) 20(18,23) Z=-3. 19 0. 001
体温(℃) 37(37,38) 37(37,38) 37(37,37) Z=-2. 25 0. 024
血氧饱和度(%) 97(96,98) 97(96,98) 97(96,99) Z=-1. 08 0. 282
评分
SOFA  3(2,5) 4(2,6)  3(2,4) Z=-3. 66 <0. 001
格拉斯哥昏迷评分 11(7,14) 11(7,14) 11(7,14) Z=-0. 12 0. 908
APACHEⅢ 62(46,86) 67(50,91) 57(41,76) Z=-5. 25 <0. 001
SAPSⅡ 41(32,52) 41(32,54) 40. 50(32,50) Z=-0. 92 0. 355
牛津急性疾病严重程度评分 39(34,46) 40(34,47) 38(33,45) Z=-2. 67 0. 008
查尔森共病指数  6(4,8) 5(3,7)  7(5,9) Z=-9. 05 <0. 001
全身炎症反应综合征[例(%)] χ 2=13. 14 0. 011
0  3(0. 36) 0(0. 00)  3(0. 82)
1 57(6. 83) 26(5. 54) 31(8. 47)
2 174(20. 84) 85(18. 12) 89(24. 32)
3 381(45. 63) 225(47. 97) 156(42. 62)
4 220(26. 35) 133(28. 36) 87(23. 77)
实验室检查
血红蛋白(g/ dl) 10. 46±2. 36 10. 13±2. 34 10. 89±2. 32 t=-4. 63 <0. 001
红细胞压积[例(%)] 31. 80(26. 40,36. 90) 30. 40(25. 10,35. 80) 33. 00(28. 45,38. 38) Z=-4. 88 <0. 001
血小板(k/ μl) 173. 00(111. 00,235. 00) 155. 00(82. 00,218. 00) 189. 50(146. 25,252. 75) Z=-6. 77 <0. 001
白细胞数(×109 / L) 10. 60(7. 30,14. 40) 10. 40(6. 80,14. 80) 10. 70(7. 82,14. 30) Z=-1. 09 0. 278
淋巴细胞数(k/ μl)  1. 00(0. 60,1. 50) 0. 90(0. 50,1. 40)  1. 10(0. 70,1. 60) Z=-3. 44 <0. 001
中性粒细胞数(k/ μl)  9. 90(6. 40,14. 25) 10. 10(6. 00,15. 10)  9. 90(6. 80,13. 40) Z=-0. 37 0. 714
pH 值  7. 32(7. 23,7. 38) 7. 30(7. 23,7. 37)  7. 33(7. 25,7. 39) Z=-2. 48 0. 013
动脉氧分压(mmHg) 77. 00(58. 50,101. 00) 75. 00(58. 00,96. 00) 80. 50(60. 00,105. 75) Z=-1. 96 0. 049
动脉二氧化碳分压(mmHg) 46(39,53) 46(39,53) 45(39,53) Z=-0. 72 0. 472
乳酸(mmol/ L)  2. 20(1. 30,3. 90) 2. 30(1. 40,4. 50)  2. 00(1. 30,3. 10) Z=-3. 16 0. 002
阴离子间隙(mEq/ L) 13(11,16) 13(11,16) 14(12,16) Z=-1. 26 0. 206
碳酸氢盐(mEq/ L) 20(16,23) 20(16,23) 21(18,23) Z=-2. 75 0. 006
白蛋白(g/ dl)  3. 00(2. 50,3. 60) 2. 90(2. 40,3. 40)  3. 30(2. 70,3. 70) Z=-5. 89 <0. 001
丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/ L) 31. 00(18. 00,78. 00) 33. 00(20. 00,86. 00) 27. 00(16. 00,59. 75) Z=-3. 63 <0. 001
天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/ L) 43. 00(24. 00,120. 00) 48. 00(26. 00,141. 00) 36. 00(23. 00,95. 25) Z=-3. 26 0. 001
总胆红素(mg/ dl)  0. 60(0. 40,1. 30) 0. 80(0. 40,1. 70)  0. 50(0. 40,0. 80) Z=-6. 10 <0. 001
血清肌酐(mg/ dl)  1. 10(0. 80,1. 80) 1. 10(0. 70,1. 90)  1. 10(0. 80,1. 60) Z=-0. 26 0. 795
变量 总量(835 例) 非他汀组(469 例) 他汀组(366 例) 统计量 P
 血尿素氮(mg/ dl) 21. 00(14. 00,35. 00) 21. 00(13. 00,38. 00) 21. 00(14. 00,32. 00) Z=-0. 52 0. 602
 国际标准化比值 1. 20(1. 10,1. 40)  1. 20(1. 10,1. 40) 1. 20(1. 10,1. 30) Z=-3. 65 <0. 001
 凝血酶原时间(s) 12. 90(11. 80,14. 90) 13. 20(11. 90,15. 60) 12. 80(11. 70,14. 20) Z=-3. 23 0. 001
 活化部分凝血活酶时间(s) 28. 20(25. 20,32. 30) 27. 80(25. 00,31. 90) 28. 50(25. 42,32. 65) Z=-1. 75 0. 081
 钙(mg/ dl) 7. 90(7. 30,8. 50)  7. 80(7. 20,8. 30) 8. 10(7. 60,8. 70) Z=-5. 67 <0. 001
 钠(mEq/ L) 137. 00(134. 00,140. 00) 137. 00(134. 00,140. 00) 137. 00(134. 00,140. 00) Z=-0. 58 0. 563
 钾(mEq/ L) 3. 80(3. 50,4. 20)  3. 80(3. 40,4. 30) 3. 80(3. 50,4. 20) Z=-0. 63 0. 526
AKI 分级[例(%)] χ 2=7. 71 0. 021
 1 级 146(17. 49) 87(18. 55) 59(16. 12)
 2 级 368(44. 07) 187(39. 87) 181(49. 45)
 3 级 321(38. 44) 195(41. 58) 126(34. 43)
BMI≥28[例(%)] 521(62. 40) 292(62. 26) 229(62. 57) χ 2=0. 01 0. 927
糖尿病[例(%)] 343(41. 08) 142(30. 28) 201(54. 92) χ 2=51. 57 <0. 001
治疗手段[例(%)]
 有创呼吸机 584(69. 94) 355(75. 69) 229(62. 57) χ 2=16. 84 <0. 001
 连续肾脏替代治疗 67(8. 02) 50(10. 66) 17(4. 64) χ 2=10. 08 0. 001
 血管活性药物 161(19. 28) 103(21. 96) 58(15. 85) χ 2=4. 94 0. 026
临床结局[例(%)]
 住院死亡率 169(20. 24) 112(23. 88) 57(15. 57) χ 2=8. 79 0. 003
 28d 死亡率 198(23. 71) 127(27. 08) 71(19. 40) χ 2=6. 70 0. 010
 90d 死亡率 256(30. 66) 157(33. 48) 99(27. 05) χ 2=3. 99 0. 046
图3 LASSO二元逻辑回归模型筛选变量 注:A:模型中最优参数(λ)选择。采用10倍交叉验证并使用最小标准,绘制了部分似然偏差(二项偏差)曲线与LASSO Log(λ)的关系,通过最小标准和最小标准的1倍标准误(1-SE标准)绘制了虚线垂直线表示最优值;B:56个特征的LASSO系数图谱。系数图谱绘制了Log(λ)序列的变化,垂直线表示通过10倍交叉验证选出的λ值,最优λ导致22个特征具有非零系数
表2 影响28d死亡率的单因素Cox回归分析
变量 β SE   Z P HR(95%CI
年龄 0. 03 0  5. 1 <0. 001 1. 03(1. 02~1. 04)
种族
 白人 1. 00(Reference)
 黑人 0  0. 28  0 0. 998 1. 00(0. 57~1. 74)
 其他 0. 27 0. 15  1. 76 0. 079 1. 31(0. 97~1. 76)
AKI 分级
 1 级 1. 00(Reference)
 2 级 0. 31 0. 25  1. 22 0. 223 1. 36(0. 83~2. 25)
 3 级 1. 02 0. 24  4. 21 <0. 001 2. 78(1. 73~4. 48)
他汀类药物 -0. 4 0. 15 -2. 7 0. 007 0. 67(0. 50~0. 90)
BMI≥28 -0. 32 0. 14 -2. 23 0. 026 0. 73(0. 55~0. 96)
APACHEⅢ 0. 02 0  9. 04 <0. 001 1. 02(1. 02~1. 03)
SAPSⅡ 0. 04 0  9. 36 <0. 001 1. 04(1. 03~1. 05)
脑血管疾病 0. 21 0. 15  1. 42 0. 157 1. 23(0. 92~1. 65)
糖尿病 -0. 1 0. 15 -0. 66 0. 511 0. 91(0. 68~1. 21)
查尔森共病指数 0. 13 0. 02  5. 67 <0. 001 1. 14(1. 09~1. 19)
呼吸频率 0. 08 0. 01  5. 32 <0. 001 1. 08(1. 05~1. 12)
红细胞压积 -0. 01 0. 01 -0. 69 0. 493 0. 99(0. 97~1. 01)
血小板 0  0 -0. 85 0. 397 1. 00(1. 00~1. 00)
阴离子间隙 0. 09 0. 02  5. 62 <0. 001 1. 09(1. 06~1. 12)
血尿素氮 0. 01 0  5. 47 <0. 001 1. 01(1. 01~1. 02)
0. 06 0. 07  0. 77 0. 441 1. 06(0. 92~1. 22)
血清肌酐 0. 11 0. 04  2. 64 0. 008 1. 12(1. 03~1. 21)
淋巴细胞数 -0. 24 0. 1 -2. 43 0. 015 0. 78(0. 64~0. 95)
凝血酶原时间 0. 06 0. 01  4. 2 <0. 001 1. 06(1. 03~1. 08)
动脉二氧化碳分压 0   0 -0. 55 0. 581 1. 00(0. 99~1. 01)
有创呼吸机 0. 11 0. 16  0. 68 0. 499 1. 11(0. 82~1. 52)
血管活性药物 1. 21 0. 15  8. 31 <0. 001 3. 36(2. 53~4. 48)
表3 影响28d死亡率的多因素Cox回归分析
图4 高葡萄糖甘油三酯指数脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者他汀类药物使用与28d死亡率之间关系的亚组分析 注:SOFA:序贯器官衰竭评分;AKI:急性肾损伤;BMI:体质量指数;CRRT:continuous renal replacement therapy,连续肾脏替代治疗
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