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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02) : 61 -67. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2025.02.001

论著

无创容量评估新技术在急性肾损伤患者连续性肾脏替代治疗中的应用研究
罗沙1, 邱乐乐1, 于祥1, 冯哲1, 蔡广研1, 黄静1,()   
  1. 1. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心肾脏病医学部、肾脏疾病全国重点实验室、国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心、重症肾脏疾病器械与中西医药物研发北京市重点实验室、数智中医泛血管疾病防治北京市重点实验室、国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2025-04-28
  • 通信作者: 黄静
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3602903)

Application research of new non-invasive volume assessment technology in continuous renal replacement therapy for patients with acute kidney injury

Sha Luo1, Lele Qiu1, Xiang Yu1, Zhe Feng1, Guangyan Cai1, Jing Huang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases,Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (zyyzdxk-2023310), Beijing 100853, China
  • Received:2025-01-23 Published:2025-04-28
  • Corresponding author: Jing Huang
引用本文:

罗沙, 邱乐乐, 于祥, 冯哲, 蔡广研, 黄静. 无创容量评估新技术在急性肾损伤患者连续性肾脏替代治疗中的应用研究[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2025, 14(02): 61-67.

Sha Luo, Lele Qiu, Xiang Yu, Zhe Feng, Guangyan Cai, Jing Huang. Application research of new non-invasive volume assessment technology in continuous renal replacement therapy for patients with acute kidney injury[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(02): 61-67.

目的

探讨超声心输出量监测仪联合人体成分分析仪无创评估在连续性肾脏替代治疗急性肾损伤患者液体容量管理中的作用。

方法

本研究采用单中心、随机、平行对照方法。纳入2022年4月至2023年10月于解放军总医院第一医学中心肾脏病医学部重症监护室行连续性肾脏替代治疗的急性肾损伤患者。根据容量评估方法将患者分为对照组和试验组,其中对照组采用中心静脉压、血压等传统参数指导液体容量管理,试验组采用超声心输出量监测仪联合人体成分分析仪无创评估指导液体容量管理。比较两组患者连续性肾脏替代治疗前后的临床基线特征、血流动力学参数、并发症发生情况及住院结局。

结果

共纳入患者50例,对照组和试验组各25例,组间年龄、性别、急性肾损伤病因、基础疾病、重症评分、实验室检查等基线特征无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。与对照组比较,试验组患者连续性肾脏替代治疗后平均动脉压、心搏量及细胞外水分较高(P均<0.05),而心力衰竭、低血压、肌肉痉挛等并发症发生率较低(P均<0.05),同时总住院天数、ICU住院天数及连续性肾脏替代治疗总治疗时间亦较短(P均<0.05),住院死亡率较低(P均<0.05)。

结论

对于连续性肾脏替代治疗的急性肾损伤患者,超声心输出量监测仪联合人体成分分析仪可以快速无创评估液体容量负荷情况,指导连续性肾脏替代治疗的处方剂量,实现精准容量管理。

Objective

To explore the role of non-invasive assessment in fluid volume management of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) by combining the ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) and the body composition monitor (BCM).

Methods

This study adopted a single-center, randomized, parallel-controlled method. Patients with AKI who underwent CRRT in the intensive care unit of the Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2022 to October 2023 were included. The patients were divided into a control group and a test group according to the volume assessment methods. In the control group,traditional parameters such as central venous pressure and blood pressure were used to guide fluid volume management, while in the test group, non-invasive assessment with the ultrasonic cardiac output monitor combined with the body composition monitor was used to guide fluid volume management. The clinical baseline characteristics, hemodynamic parameters, incidence of complications, and hospital outcomes of the two groups of patients before and after CRRT were compared.

Results

A total of 50 patients were included,with 25 patients in each group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics such as age, gender, etiology of AKI, underlying diseases, severity scores, and laboratory examinations between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the test group after CRRT showed higher levels in the mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, and extracellular water (all P<0.05), but lower levels in the incidences of complications such as heart failure, hypotension, and muscle spasm, the total number of hospitalization days, the number of ICU hospitalization days, the total treatment time of CRRT,and the in-hospital mortality rate (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

For patients with AKI undergoing CRRT, the combination of the USCOM and the BCM could quickly and non-invasively assess the fluid volume overload,guide the prescription dosage of CRRT, achieving the precise volume management.

表1 两组急性肾损伤患者基线和临床特征比较
临床资料 对照组(25 例) 试验组(25 例) 全部患者(50 例) χ 2 / t / Z P
年龄(岁) 62. 50±12. 30 64. 10±11. 80 63. 30±12. 00 0. 775 0. 437
男性(%) 14(56. 0) 15(60. 0) 29(58. 0) 0. 157 0. 692
体质量指数(kg/ m2 25. 80±4. 20 26. 30±3. 90 26. 10±4. 00 0. 623 0. 535
AKI 病因[例(%)]
 肾前性 8(32. 0) 9(36. 0) 17(34. 0) 0. 172 0. 678
 肾性 12(48. 0) 13(52. 0) 25(50. 0) 0. 116 0. 734
 肾后性 5(20. 0) 3(12. 0) 8(16. 0) 1. 204 0. 272
基础疾病[例(%)]
 高血压 18(72. 0) 19(76. 0) 37(74. 0) 0. 172 0. 678
 糖尿病 10(40. 0) 12(48. 0) 22(4. 0) 0. 636 0. 425
 肿瘤 3(12. 0) 4(16. 0) 7(14. 0) 0. 402 0. 526
 心脑血管疾病 12(48. 0) 14(56. 0) 26(52. 0) 0. 519 0. 471
临床合并症[例(%)]
 感染性疾病 16(64. 0) 17(68. 0) 33(66. 0) 0. 164 0. 685
 心功能不全 13(52. 0) 15(60. 0) 28(56. 0) 0. 517 0. 472
 心律失常 8(32. 0) 9(36. 0) 17(34. 0) 0. 172 0. 678
入院评分(分)
 APACHEII 评分 22. 00(20. 00,25. 00) 23. 00(21. 00,26. 00) 22. 00(22. 70±5. 40) 0. 678 0. 500
 SOFA 评分 6. 00(4. 00,8. 00) 7. 00(5. 00,9. 00) 6. 00(4. 80±8. 00) 1. 232 0. 223
检验指标
 乳酸(mmol/ L)   2. 00(1. 50,2. 50)   2. 20(1. 70,2. 80)   2. 00(1. 50,2. 80) 0. 763 0. 447
 N 末端脑钠肽前体(pg/ ml) 12 580. 00(9 870. 20,16 320. 70) 11 940. 00(9 230. 60,15 680. 50) 12 260. 40(9 550. 40,16 001. 00) 1. 278 0. 206
 血红蛋白(g/ L)  103. 00(97. 00,109. 00)  101. 00(96. 60,107. 20)  102. 00(96. 50,108. 00) 0. 987 0. 326
 白细胞(×109 / L)   6. 90(5. 40,8. 50)   7. 20(5. 60,8. 80)   7. 00(5. 50,8. 70) 0. 654 0. 515
 中性粒细胞百分比(%)  66. 20(59. 80,72. 30)  65. 10(58. 70,71. 00)  65. 60(59. 20,71. 70) 0. 543 0. 589
 血小板(×109 / L)  215. 00(185. 00,245. 00)  210. 00(180. 00,240. 00)  212. 50(182. 50,242. 50) 0. 432 0. 667
 血清肌酐(μmol/ L)  398. 80(366. 10,393. 30)  377. 40(364. 50,391. 00)  378. 60(365. 30,392. 10) 0. 567 0. 572
 乳酸脱氢酶(U/ L)  418. 00(285. 90,550. 50)  412. 00(280. 20,545. 30)  415. 00(282. 50,447. 00) 0. 345 0. 730
 尿酸(μmol/ L)  362. 00(305. 30,415. 60)  350. 00(298. 40,408. 10)  356. 00(301. 50,411. 10) 0. 678 0. 499
 D-二聚体(mg/ L)   0. 60(0. 30,0. 90)   0. 50(0. 20,0. 80)   0. 50(0. 20,0. 80) 0. 789 0. 430
 C 反应蛋白(mg/ L)   5. 90(3. 40,8. 50)   5. 60(3. 10,8. 10)   5. 70(3. 20,8. 30) 0. 234 0. 816
 白蛋白(g/ L)  39. 20(35. 60,42. 50)  38. 80(35. 10,42. 00)  39. 00(35. 30,42. 30) 0. 123 0. 903
表2 两组急性肾损伤患者连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)前后血流动力学及容量参数变化(±s
表3 两组急性肾损伤患者并发症发生情况比较[例(%)]
表4 两组急性肾损伤患者治疗及疾病转归比较
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