Hemodialysis is the most effective life-sustaining treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease; its effects depend on the choice of dialysis modes. High flux hemodialysis (HFHD) is better than low flux dialysis due to its high permeability of large aperture synthetic membrane, and has currently become the most rational way of dialysis for its high clearance rate of toxins and excellent filtering effect. Clinically HFHD is utilized for adjusting calcium and phosphorus metabolism balance of patients with chronic renal failure, increasing the clearance rate of β2 microglobulin, and improving blood lipid metabolism disorders and nutrition status, etc. But there are still several problems in the process of the HFHD application, such as blood bacterial infection through the dialysis membrane, and the quality control of the dialysis water and dialysate, etc. Increasing the transmembrane pressure to make blood side pressure higher than lateral dialysis fluid pressure, and use of ultrapure dialysate are the keys to ensure smooth process of HFHD treatment.