了解2010－2014年山西省维持性血液透析患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染情况，为实施血液透析持续质量改进提供数据支持。

回顾性分析2010年至2014年山西省所有开展血液净化治疗的医疗机构网上直报的维持性血液透析患者的病例资料。主要收集患者人口学资料和HBV、HCV的相关血清学指标。各种相关数据的采集通过全国血液净化病例登记系统完成。相关数据整理后用Excel 2003建立数据库，进行数据分析。

2010－2014年山西省维持性血液透析患者HBV和HCV血清学指标的检测率均逐年提高，分别由66.3%上升至74.6%和64.9%上升至71.4%；HBV感染率逐年下降，由20.9%下降至17.7%，HBsAg阳性率也在逐年下降，2010年为5.1%，至2013年时渐下降到3.6%，2014年与2013年接近，为3.7%。HCV感染率逐年下降，由6.15%下降至3.24%。各年度男性血液透析患者HBV感染率和HBsAg阳性率均高于女性患者，但差距逐渐缩小；各年度女性患者HCV感染率均高于男性患者，但差距逐渐缩小；2011年新进入的血液透析患者，至2014年末随着透析时间的延长，患者HBsAg阳性率和HCV感染率没有明显变化。

2010－2014年山西省维持性血液透析患者HBV和HCV的感染率逐年下降，可能与近年来血液透析室的规范化管理程度的提高及一次性透析器的广泛使用有关。

To investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses infections in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients in Shanxi Province from 2010 to 2014 for the sake of contributing data support to the implementation of continuous quality improvement of hemodialysis.

Retrospective analysis was made from straight-line report of clinical data of MHD patients by all the medical institutions that carry out blood purification treatment in Shanxi Province from 2010 to 2014. The main collection was comprised of the patients′ demographic data and serological indicators related to HBV and HCV. A variety of data collection was completed from registered cases of the nationwide blood purification system. After data sorting, a database was established with software Excell 2003 for data analysis.

From 2010 to 2014, the detection rates for HBV and HCV in MHD patients increased year by year, from 66.3% to 74.6% and from 64.9% to 71.4%, respectively. The infection rate of HBV decreased year by year, from 20.9% to 17.7%; and the HBsAg positive rates also decreased annually, being 5.1% in 2010, and declining to 3.6% gradually by 2013, which in 2014 was 3.7% close to that in 2013. The infection rate of HCV also dropped annually, from 6.15% to 3.24%. Each year, the rates of HBV infection and HBsAg positiveness in the male hemodialysis patients were both higher than those in the female patients, but the differences reduced gradually; and each year, the infection rate of HCV in the female patients was higher than that in the male patients, and the difference reduced gradually. In the new entrants for hemodialysis from 2011, with the dialysis duration increased in past four years, the rates of HBsAg positiveness and HCV infection did not obviously change.

From the year of 2010 to 2014 in Shanxi Province, the infection rates of HBV and HCV in the MHD patients declined annually, which might be attributed to the sharp improvement in standard management of dialysis rooms and the widespread use of disposable dialyzers in recent years.