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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (03) : 126 -132. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2025.03.002

论著

超声微泡辅助间充质干细胞来源外泌体超声引导的肾内递送对大鼠急性肾损伤的治疗作用
陈雨浩1, 张楚悦1,2, 绳春佳1, 肖拓1,3, 姜波4, 蔡广研1,()   
  1. 1. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心肾脏病医学部,肾脏疾病全国重点实验室、国家慢性肾病临床医学研究中心、重症肾脏疾病器械与中西医药物研发北京市重点实验室、数智中医泛血管疾病防治北京市重点实验室、国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科
    2. 610041 成都,四川大学华西医院肾内科
    3. 450052 郑州大学第一附属医院肾内科
    4. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心超声科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-06-28
  • 通信作者: 蔡广研
  • 基金资助:
    科技领军人才基金项目(22KJLJ001)国家自然科学基金面上项目(82170686)

Therapeutic effect of ultrasound microbubble-assisted intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes under ultrasound guidance on acute kidney injury in rats

Yuhao Chen1, Chuyue Zhang1,2, Chunjia Sheng1, Tuo Xiao1,3, Bo Jiang4, Guangyan Cai1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Nephrology,First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases,Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Pan-vascular Diseases,Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (zyyzdxk-2023310),Beijing 100853
    2. Department of Nephrology,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province
    3. Department of Nephrology,First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,Henan Province
    4. Department of Ultrasound,First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853; China
  • Received:2024-12-30 Published:2025-06-28
  • Corresponding author: Guangyan Cai
引用本文:

陈雨浩, 张楚悦, 绳春佳, 肖拓, 姜波, 蔡广研. 超声微泡辅助间充质干细胞来源外泌体超声引导的肾内递送对大鼠急性肾损伤的治疗作用[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 126-132.

Yuhao Chen, Chuyue Zhang, Chunjia Sheng, Tuo Xiao, Bo Jiang, Guangyan Cai. Therapeutic effect of ultrasound microbubble-assisted intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes under ultrasound guidance on acute kidney injury in rats[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(03): 126-132.

目的

探讨超声微泡辅助的间充质干细胞来源外泌体,在超声引导下经皮肾内递送对大鼠急性肾损伤的治疗作用。

方法

选取24 只雄性8 周龄SD 正常大鼠随机均分为4 组:对照组(正常大鼠注射磷酸盐缓冲液)、模型组(急性肾损伤大鼠注射磷酸盐缓冲液)、外泌体组(急性肾损伤大鼠注射外泌体)和混合囊泡组(急性肾损伤大鼠注射超声微泡混合外泌体),6 只/组。 急性肾损伤大鼠模型采用尾静脉注射顺铂(5 mg/kg)建立,对照组大鼠尾静脉注射等量的磷酸盐缓冲液。 急性肾损伤建模后第1 天在超声引导下各组大鼠进行经皮肾内注射,大鼠肾脏上下极共注射100 μl (对照组和模型组注射磷酸盐缓冲液、外泌体组注射外泌体、混合囊泡组注射外泌体中混入超声微泡),注射后立即使用相同参数进行超声激发。 注射后每天监测各组大鼠的肾功能,在第4 天取材。 观察肾脏组织病理学,并检测凋亡细胞数量和肾损伤分子-1 蛋白表达。

结果

混合囊泡组大鼠的超声回声显影效果优于外泌体组,而且肾脏外泌体驻留数量以及肾脏细胞外泌体数量均较外泌体组明显增加(P 均<0.05)。 外泌体组和混合囊泡组大鼠的肾功能、肾小管病理损伤评分、细胞凋亡数量及肾损伤分子-1 蛋白表达均优于模型组,而且混合囊泡组的这些指标亦优于外泌体组(P 均<0.05)。

结论

超声微泡辅助间充质干细胞来源外泌体超声引导下的肾内递送能够减轻大鼠的急性肾损伤。

Objective

This experiment aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of ultrasound microbubble-assisted intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes under ultrasound guidance on acute kidney injury in rats.

Methods

Twenty-four male 8-week-old normal SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in each group: the control group (normal rats injected with phosphate-buffered saline), the model group (acute kidney injury rats injected with phosphate-buffered saline), the exosome group (acute kidney injury rats injected with exosomes), and the mixed vesicle group(acute kidney injury rats injected with ultrasound microbubble-mixed exosomes).The rat model of acute kidney injury was established by intravenous injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) via the tail vein, while the control group rats received an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline via the tail vein.On the first day after the establishment of the acute kidney injury model, percutaneous intrarenal injection was performed under ultrasound guidance in each group.A total of 100 μl liquid was injected into the upper and lower poles of the rat kidneys: the control group and the model group being injected with phosphate-buffered saline, while the exosome group was injected with exosomes,and the mixed vesicle group was injected with exosomes mixed with ultrasound microbubbles.Immediately after the above injections, ultrasound was applied with the same parameters for activation.The renal function of each group of rats was monitored daily after the injections,and tissue samples were collected on the 4th day.Kidney tissue pathology was observed, and the number of apoptotic cells as well as the expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) protein were detected.

Results

The ultrasound echogenic imaging effect of the mixed vesicle group was better than that of the exosome group.Moreover, the number of exosomes retained in the kidneys and the number of exosomes in the renal cells were both significantly increased in the mixed vesicle group compared to the exosome group (all P <0.05).The renal function, renal tubular pathological injury score, number of apoptotic cells, and expression of KIM-1 protein in both the exosome group and the mixed vesicle group were better than those in the model group (all P <0.05), and these parameters of the mixed vesicle group were also better than those of the exosome group(P <0.05).

Conclusion

Ultrasound microbubble-assisted intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes under ultrasound guidance could alleviate acute kidney injury in the rats.

图1 超声引导下经皮肾内注射超声影像图 注:急性肾损伤建模后第1 天在超声引导下各组大鼠进行经皮肾内注射,注射后立即使用相同的参数进行超声激发;超声双幅造影模式图像,左半为正常B 超、右半为造影模式,可见混合囊泡组注射后在造影模式下可见明显回声信号(白色虚线圈示)、激发后逐渐消失,外泌体组无明显回声信号及变化
图2 混合囊泡组与外泌体组大鼠体内外泌体生物分布示踪 注:外泌体/混合囊泡递送后的体内生物分布荧光示踪结果显示注射后的荧光信号主要分布于肝脏、脾脏及肾脏;大鼠肾脏平均荧光强度比较,混合囊泡组高于外泌体组(P <0.05)
图3 混合囊泡组与外泌体组大鼠肾组织内外泌体示踪荧光染色及比较 注:Merge:各荧光通道叠加合成图像;DAPI:4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(标记细胞核);CLTA:网格蛋白轻链(内吞相关蛋白,标记细胞轮廓);Exo:显示外泌体荧光;Area%:视野中外泌体荧光面积占视野面积的百分比;共聚焦显微镜对混合囊泡组和外泌体组大鼠肾组织内外泌体的分布进行荧光示踪分析(标尺20 μm)显示外泌体主要定位于肾小管区域;对两组大鼠肾小管细胞内外泌体荧光面积占比分析,混合囊泡组高于外泌体组(P <0.05)
表1 各组大鼠注射顺铂后肾功能的动态变化(±s
图4 各组大鼠第4 天肾脏病理及肾小管损伤评分比较 注:HE 与PAS 染色(标尺50 μm);根据PAS 染色进行肾小管损伤评分:与模型组比较,aP <0.05;与外泌体组比较,bP <0.05
图5 各组大鼠第4 天肾脏组织凋亡细胞染色与凋亡细胞检测比较 注:各组大鼠第4 天肾脏组织的凋亡细胞染色(标尺20 μm);Merge:各荧光通道叠加合成图像;DAPI:4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚;TUNEL:原位末端转移酶标记;“*”标示为DAPI 与TUNEL 共染的细胞核;各组凋亡细胞检测计数比较:与模型组比较,aP <0.05;与外泌体组比较,bP <0.05
图6 各组大鼠第4 天肾脏中肾损伤分子-1 蛋白表达与半定量分析 注:KIM-1:肾损伤分子-1;GAPDH: 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(作为内参);与模型组比较,aP <0.05
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