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中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02) : 77 -82. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2025.02.003

论著

血清β2-微球蛋白与维持性血液透析患者全因死亡的关系
胡盼盼1, 杨薇娜1, 徐卓佳1,()   
  1. 1. 100123 北京,民航总医院肾内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-04-28
  • 通信作者: 徐卓佳

Relationship between serum β2-microglobulin and all-cause death in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Panpan Hu1, Weina Yang1, Zhuojia Xu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Nephrology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, China
  • Received:2024-07-15 Published:2025-04-28
  • Corresponding author: Zhuojia Xu
引用本文:

胡盼盼, 杨薇娜, 徐卓佳. 血清β2-微球蛋白与维持性血液透析患者全因死亡的关系[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2025, 14(02): 77-82.

Panpan Hu, Weina Yang, Zhuojia Xu. Relationship between serum β2-microglobulin and all-cause death in maintenance hemodialysis patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(02): 77-82.

目的

探讨β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)与维持性血液透析(MHD)患者全因死亡的关系。

方法

回顾分析2018年1月至2023年12月北京民航总医院血液透析中心收治的透析龄≥3月的MHD患者。将患者分为低β2-MG组(β2-MG<28.0 mg/L)和高β2-MG组(β2-MG≥28.0 mg/L)。收集患者的一般情况、生化指标及预后资料。分析比较两组间指标水平及死亡率差异,利用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行生存分析,Cox回归模型分析β2-MG与MHD患者的全因死亡关系,Logistic回归方法分析高β2-MG发生的风险因素。

结果

共纳入MHD患者370例,年龄(65.24±13.22)岁,中位透析龄73.0(35.0,129.3)月,中位随访时间51.5(30.0,69.0)月,β2-MG(28.0±5.45) mg/L。低β2-MG组175例,高β2-MG组195例。与高β2-MG组相比,低β2-MG组的透析龄、β2-MG、CRP、iPTH和血尿酸较低(P均<0.05),而血白蛋白、血磷、血红蛋白、血清肌酐、血尿素氮及合并糖尿病的比例较高(P均<0.05)。低β2-MG组死亡率低于高β2-MG组(χ2=5.694,P=0.017),Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示低β2-MG组的生存率明显高于高β2-MG组(χ2=25.292,P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归模型分析显示β2-MG(HR=1.056,95%CI:1.016~ 1.097,P=0.048)、年龄(HR=1.026,95%CI:1.009~ 1.043,P=0.002)、合并糖尿病(HR=1.680,95%CI:1.149~2.457,P=0.007)和CRPHR=1.015,95%CI:1.002~1.029,P=0.014)是MHD患者全因死亡的独立危险因素。高β2-MG组的死亡风险更高(HR=1.142,95%CI:1.014~1.431,P=0.030)。

结论

β2-MG是MHD患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,高β2-MG与MHD患者全因死亡风险增加相关。

Objective

To explore the relationship between serum β2-microglobulin and all-cause death in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted in the MHD patients (dialysis vintage ≥3 months) admitted to the Hemodialysis Center of Beijing Civil Aviation General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. The patients were divided into a low β2-MG group (β2-MG < 28.0 mg/L) and a high β2-MG group (β2-MG ≥ 28.0 mg/L). Their general information, biochemical indicators, and prognosis data were collected. The differences in indicator levels and mortality rates between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model for the relationship analysis between β2-MG and allcause mortality in the MHD patients. Logistic regression method was applied to analyze the risk factors for the high level of β2-MG.

Results

A total of 370 patients were included, with an age of 65.24±13.22 years, a median dialysis vintage of 73.0 (35.0, 129.3) months, a median follow-up time of 51.5(30.0, 69.0) months, and β2-MG level of 28.0 ± 5.45 mg/L. There were 175 patients in the low β2-MG group and 195 patients in the high β2-MG group. Compared with the high β2-MG group, the low β2-MG group had lower levels of dialysis vintage, β2-MG, CRP, iPTH levels, and serum uric acid (all P<0.05),but higher levels of serum albumin, serum phosphorus, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, as well as a higher proportion of patients complicated with diabetes (all P<0.05). The mortality rate in the low β2-MG group was lower than that in the high β2-MG group (χ2=5.694, P=0.017). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the survival rate in the low β2-MG group was significantly higher than that in the high β2-MG group (χ2=25.292, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that β2-MG (HR=1.056, 95%CI: 1.016-1.097, P=0.048), age (HR=1.026,95%CI: 1.009-1.043, P=0.002), concomitant diabetes (HR=1.680, 95%CI: 1.149-2.457, P=0.007), and CRP (HR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.002-1.029, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for allcause mortality in the MHD patients. The risk of death was higher in the high β2-MG group (HR=1.142,95%CI: 1.014-1.431, P=0.030).

Conclusion

β2-MG was an independent risk factor for the all-cause death in the MHD patients. High β2-MG was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death in the MHD patients.

表1 纳入维持性血液透析患者一般特征及实验室检查
项目 总体(370 例) 高β2-MG 组(195 例) 低β2-MG 组(175 例) t / Z / χ 2 P
女性[例(%)] 133(35. 9) 68(34. 9) 65(37. 1) 0. 207 0. 365
合并糖尿病[例(%)] 167(45. 1) 79(40. 5) 88(50. 3) 3. 557 0. 037
年龄(岁) 65. 24±13. 22 64. 87±13. 23 65. 66±13. 22 0. 570 0. 569
透析龄(月) 73(35. 0,129. 3) 102. 0(49. 0,148. 0) 53. 0(29. 0,94. 0) -6. 093 <0. 001
血红蛋白(g/ L) 109. 54±7. 40 108. 70±7. 05 110. 49±7. 67 2. 337 0. 020
iPTH(pg/ ml) 299. 6(182. 9,421. 4) 333. 0(218. 7,456. 9) 258. 8(160. 8,393. 4) -3. 720 <0. 001
血清白蛋白(g/ L) 37. 97±2. 38 35. 97±2. 45 37. 96±2. 30 -0. 072 0. 042
血清肌酐(μmol/ L) 888. 92±260. 95 795. 68±252. 13 972. 16±240. 05 -6. 893 <0. 001
血尿素氮(mmol/ L) 24. 03±4. 13 22. 95±4. 07 24. 50±3. 96 -4. 917 <0. 001
血尿酸(μmol/ L) 441. 88±79. 91 461. 68±80. 55 419. 82±73. 33 -5. 206 <0. 001
血磷(mmol/ L)  1. 80±0. 37  1. 74±0. 34  1. 85±0. 38 -2. 798 0. 005
血钙(mmol/ L)  2. 09±0. 14  2. 09±0. 15  2. 09±0. 14 0. 409 0. 683
β2 微球蛋白(mg/ L)  28. 0±5. 45 31. 81±3. 41 23. 75±3. 96 -20. 878 <0. 001
C 反应蛋白(mg/ L)  5. 64(2. 76,10. 43)  6. 03(3. 24,12. 33)  4. 65(2. 40,9. 31) -3. 656 0. 002
总胆固醇(mmol/ L)  4. 13±0. 77  4. 05±0. 74  4. 21±0. 80 1. 959 0. 051
甘油三酯(mmol/ L)  2. 01(1. 42,2. 80)  1. 90(1. 33,2. 77)  2. 09(1. 50,2. 89) -0. 995 0. 320
图1 低β2-MG组与高β2-MG组维持性血液透析患者死亡率比较(χ2=5.694,P=0.017)
表2 Cox回归模型分析维持性血液透析患者全因死亡的危险因素
表3 维持性血液透析患者血清β2微球蛋白≥28.0 mg/L的相关因素分析
表4 β2-MG与维持性血液透析患者全因死亡的关系(多元Cox回归方程)
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