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中华肾病研究电子杂志

中华肾病研究电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (06) : 317 -324. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2025.06.003

论著

维持性血液透析患者25-羟维生素D与甲状旁腺激素水平之间的关系研究
赵雪, 马里媛, 魏丽敏, 杨镕煊, 蒋红利, 陈蕾†()   
  1. 710061　西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院　重症肾脏病·血液净化科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-28 出版日期:2025-12-28
  • 通信作者: 陈蕾
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金(82170755); 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLSF-45，2024SF-YBXM-183)

Relationship between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Xue Zhao, Liyuan Ma, Limin Wei, Rongxuan Yang, Hongli Jiang, Lei Chen†()   

  1. Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi′an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-28 Published:2025-12-28
  • Corresponding author: Lei Chen
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引用本文：

赵雪, 马里媛, 魏丽敏, 杨镕煊, 蒋红利, 陈蕾. 维持性血液透析患者25-羟维生素D与甲状旁腺激素水平之间的关系研究[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2025, 14(06): 317-324.

Xue Zhao, Liyuan Ma, Limin Wei, Rongxuan Yang, Hongli Jiang, Lei Chen. Relationship between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in maintenance hemodialysis patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(06): 317-324.

目的

探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis，MHD)患者25-羟维生素D与甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone，PTH)水平之间的关系。

方法

采用单中心横断面研究，纳入2022年3月至2022年5月在西安交通大学第一附属医院血液净化科进行规律MHD治疗的患者。收集患者一般资料、血清25-羟维生素D、PTH、碱性磷酸酶等实验室指标。分别根据25-羟维生素D水平、PTH水平、是否补充普通维生素D将患者分为：维生素D正常组、维生素D不足组与维生素D缺乏组；PTH正常组、PTH轻度升高组、PTH中度升高组与PTH重度升高组；补充维生素D组与未补充维生素D组。比较各组临床指标差异，并采用Spearman秩相关法以及多元线性回归法分析25-羟维生素D、PTH和补充普通维生素D之间的相关性。

结果

共纳入MHD患者395例，年龄(51.38±15.10)岁，男性260例，女性135例，中位透析龄45.00(20.00，75.00)月。维生素D不足患者153例(38.73%)、维生素D缺乏患者59例(14.94%)；甲状旁腺激素升高患者372例(94.18%)。维生素D缺乏组的碱性磷酸酶水平、PTH水平、女性比例、主动脉钙化比例、腹主动脉钙化比例明显高于维生素D正常组(P均<0.05)。与PTH正常组相比，PTH重度升高组的透析龄、血清肌酐、血磷、碱性磷酸酶、白蛋白、主动脉钙化及腹主动脉钙化比例均显著增高，而25-羟维生素D水平则显著降低(P均<0.05)。相关性分析显示，PTH与25-羟维生素D水平负相关(r＝－0.191，P<0.01)。此外，补充普通维生素D与PTH水平无相关性(β＝－42.725，P＝0.280)。

结论

MHD患者普遍存在维生素D不足或缺乏、PTH升高；患者的25-羟维生素D水平与PTH呈负相关。补充普通维生素D的患者PTH较低，但两者之间未发现显著相关性。

关键词: 慢性肾脏病, 维持性血液透析, 维生素D, 甲状旁腺激素
Objective

To explore the relationship between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods

A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients who underwent regular maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) treatment in the Department of Blood Purification of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from March 2022 to May 2022. General patient information, as well as laboratory indicators such as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase, were collected. The patients were categorized into the following groups based on their 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, PTH levels, and whether they received ordinary vitamin D supplementation: vitamin D normal group, vitamin D insufficient group, and vitamin D deficient group; PTH normal group, PTH mild elevation group, PTH moderate elevation group, and PTH severe elevation group; vitamin D supplement group and vitamin D non-supplement group. The differences in clinical indicators among the groups were compared, and the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, and ordinary vitamin D supplement were analyzed with the Spearman′s rank correlation method and multiple linear regression method.

Results

A total of 395 MHD patients were enrolled, with an average age of 51.38±15.10 years, including 260 males and 135 females. The median duration of dialysis was 45.00 (20-75) months. There were 153 patients (38.73%) with vitamin D insufficiency, 59 patients (14.94%) with vitamin D deficiency, and 372 patients (94.18%) with PTH elevation. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and PTH, as well as the proportions of females, aortic calcification, and abdominal aorta calcification, were significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group than in the vitamin D normal group (all P<0.05). The dialysis duration, serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and the proportions of aortic calcification and abdominal aortic calcification were significantly higher, while the 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was significantly lower, in the PTH severe elevation group than in the normal PTH group (all P<0.05). The correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between PTH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r=-0.191, P<0.01). In addition, there was no correlation between supplementation of ordinary vitamin D and PTH (β=-42.725, P=0.280).

Conclusion

The MHD patients generally suffered from vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, accompanied with PTH elevation. Their 25-hydroxyvitamin D was negatively correlated with PTH, while no significant correlation was found between ordinary vitamin D supplement and PTH.

Key words: Chronic kidney disease, Maintenance hemodialysis, Vitamin D, Parathyroid hormone
表1 不同25-羟维生素D水平维持性血液透析患者的临床指标分析
临床指标 正常组(183例) 维生素D不足组(153例) 维生素D缺乏组(59例) P值
年龄(岁) 51.90±14.60 49.89±15.16 53.63±16.33 0.224
女性[例(%)] 50(27.32) 57(37.25) 28(47.46) 0.009
中位透析龄(月) 38.50(18.00, 64.00) 48.00(19.00, 86.00) 51.50(33.00, 79.00) 0.072
血红蛋白(g/L) 117.46±16.49 113.92±18.75 115.02±19.69 0.187
白蛋白(g/L) 39.99±4.41 40.12±4.81 40.28±4.87 0.909
碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 86.00(69.00, 118.50) 92.50(72.00, 128.00) 108.00(78.50, 143.50) 0.024
血清肌酐(μmol/L) 902.33±306.65 897.72±286.51 868.78±292.17 0.747
血尿酸(μmol/L) 392.99±112.38 395.69±112.55 421.36±129.67 0.249
血钙(mmol/L) 2.12±0.20 2.14±0.21 2.14±0.29 0.629
血磷(mmol/L) 1.59(1.33, 1.92) 1.77(1.38, 2.09) 1.72(1.46, 2.30) 0.076
铁蛋白(ng/mL) 348.00(169.50, 521.00) 242.50(138.00, 417.00) 285.50(97.90, 519.50) 0.295
PTH(pg/ml) 302.05(157.95, 460.70) 313.05(200.80, 539.60) 419.85(222.00, 757.20) 0.002
总胆固醇(mmol/L) 3.44±0.81 3.57±0.90 3.43±0.78 0.312
甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.50±1.04 1.63±1.13 1.29±0.73 0.100
LDL-C(mmol/L) 1.89±0.69 2.03±0.72 1.99±0.70 0.222
HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.97±0.31 0.92±0.26 0.95±0.25 0.250
C反应蛋白(mg/L) 1.62(0.76, 3.81) 1.98(0.81, 4.12) 2.40(1.23, 4.16) 0.342
高血压[例(%)] 159(86.89) 129(84.31) 54(91.53) 0.444
糖尿病[例(%)] 62(33.88) 47(30.72) 21(35.59) 0.773
主动脉瓣钙化[例(%)] 77(42.07) 85(55.56) 44(74.58) <0.01
腹主动脉钙化[例(%)] 70(38.25) 94(61.44) 38(64.41) <0.01
表2 不同甲状旁腺激素水平维持性血液透析患者的临床指标分析
临床指标 正常组(23例) PTH轻度升高组(167例) PTH中度升高组(129例) PTH重度升高组(76例) P值
年龄(岁) 54.48±15.39 54.06±14.77 50.90±14.33 45.39±15.48 <0.01
女性[例(%)] 10(43.48) 58(34.73) 40(31.01) 27(35.52) 0.677
中位透析龄(月) 36.00(13.00，52.00) 38.00(14.00，62.00) 50.00(21.00，75.00) 64.00(39.50, 104.75) <0.01
血红蛋白(g/L) 113.13±22.68 116.34±17.33 115.23±16.57 116.03±19.95 0.851
白蛋白(g/L) 38.27±5.60 39.69±4.35 40.05±3.99 41.55±5.53 0.037
碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 75.00(61.00，115.00) 83.00(68.00，106.00) 91.00(71.50, 120.00) 145.50(104.00, 195.75) <0.01
血清肌酐(μmol/L) 769.04±341.56 841.35±268.05 923.05±290.00 1006.22±315.39 <0.01
血尿酸(μmol/L) 393.00±144.02 380.42±109.91 411.31±118.26 416.67±108.40 0.055
血钙(mmol/L) 2.23±0.24 2.15±0.22 2.09±0.23 2.14±0.20 0.014
血磷(mmol/L) 1.41(1.11, 1.75) 1.53(1.25, 1.87) 1.71(1.43, 2.00) 1.91(1.45, 2.38) <0.01
铁蛋白(ng/mL) 324.00(183.00，401.00) 358.00(157.00，545.00) 312.00(157.25, 524.00) 224.00(122.75, 491.75) 0.160
25-羟维生素D(ng/ml) 36.65(21.41, 43.81) 29.65(21.09, 38.30) 30.30(21.04, 35.83) 24.61(15.24, 32.43) 0.002
总胆固醇(mmol/L) 3.60±1.15 3.44±0.78 3.48±0.89 3.56±0.79 0.689
甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.55±1.22 1.42±1.00 1.55±0.89 1.66±1.28 0.378
LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.11±1.14 1.89±0.63 1.95±0.70 2.07±0.69 0.287
HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.03±0.32 0.97±0.30 0.89±0.25 0.97±0.29 0.023
C反应蛋白(mg/L) 1.79(0.67，3.86) 1.55(0.62, 3.50) 1.70(0.89, 3.67) 2.89(1.22, 5.52) 0.014
高血压[例(%)] 20(87.00) 145(86.80) 109(84.50) 68(89.50) 0.787
糖尿病[例(%)] 6(26.10) 63(37.70) 50(38.80) 11(14.50) 0.001
主动脉瓣钙化[例(%)] 7(30.43) 81(48.50) 69(53.49) 49(64.47) 0.018
腹主动脉钙化[例(%)] 8(34.78) 72(43.11) 74(57.36) 48(63.16) 0.004
表3 25-羟维生素D与甲状旁腺激素的多元线性回归分析
模型 自变量 β 95%CI P值
未校正模型 25-羟维生素D －5.533 －8.603~－2.462 <0.01
模型1 25-羟维生素D －5.165 －8.147~－2.184 0.001
模型2 25-羟维生素D －2.936 －5.484~－0.389 0.024
模型3 25-羟维生素D －2.862 －5.410~－0.313 0.028
表4 补充普通维生素D的维持性血液透析患者的临床指标分析
临床指标 补充普通维生素D(191例) 未补充普通维生素D(204例) P值
年龄(岁) 52.65±14.72 50.20±15.34 0.107
中位透析龄(月) 45.00(22.00, 65.50) 45.00(18.00, 78.00) 0.364
血红蛋白(g/L) 114.19±17.55 117.17±18.17 0.099
白蛋白(g/L) 39.94±4.39 40.22±4.84 0.545
碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 93.00(70.50，124.00) 91.00(72.00，123.50) 0.945
血清肌酐(μmol/L) 894.56±299.67 896.47±293.98 0.949
血尿酸(μmol/L) 402.35±121.66 394.28±108.90 0.744
血钙(mmol/L) 2.13±0.21 2.13±0.23 0.856
血磷(mmol/L) 1.65±0.52 1.76±0.58 0.051
铁蛋白(ng/mL) 332.00(160.00, 512.50) 242.00(137.00, 483.00) 0.437
PTH(pg/ml) 306.60(172.95, 442.20) 327.60(199.50, 606.40) 0.059
25-羟维生素D(ng/ml) 34.03(25.68, 43.45) 26.48(17.42, 32.29) <0.01
总胆固醇(mmol/L) 3.55±0.87 3.43±0.81 0.167
甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.58±1.00 1.47±1.07 0.240
LDL-C(mmol/L) 1.96±0.70 1.95±0.72 0.911
HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.95±0.28 0.95±0.30 0.920
C反应蛋白(mg/L) 1.79(0.95，3.96) 1.83(0.78, 3.99) 0.889
主动脉瓣钙化[例(%)] 96(50.26) 110(53.92) 0.467
腹主动脉钙化[例(%)] 90(47.12) 112(54.90) 0.122
表5 补充普通维生素D与25-羟维生素D的甲状旁腺激素水平多元线性回归分析
因变量 模型 自变量 β 95%CI P值
25-羟维生素D 未校正模型 补充普通维生素D 3.178 0.552~5.804 0.018
  模型1 补充普通维生素D 3.583 0.947~6.219 0.008
  模型2 补充普通维生素D 3.743 0.768~6.718 0.014
  模型3 补充普通维生素D 3.855 0.866~6.845 0.012
PTH 未校正模型 补充普通维生素D －35.390 －118.504~47.725 0.403
  模型1 补充普通维生素D －39.197 －119.919~41.526 0.340
  模型2 补充普通维生素D －30.059 －116.580~38.462 0.322
  模型3 补充普通维生素D －42.725 －120.481~35.031 0.280
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